序言眾所周知,在自古至今兩干多年的中國歷史上,士的傳統的發展變化與各時期的政治、經濟、社會、文化以及思想等社會各方面的變化有著非常緊密的聯繫。①觀察士的發展演變過程和特點,可以發現先秦時期士多被稱為遊士,②而秦漢時期其多以士大夫的“形態”出現。③但是,每個時期對“士”的稱呼都各不相同,④因此很難探明其歷 Preface As we all know, in the history of China, which has been in operation for many years now and for many years, the development and changes of the traditions of the scholar are closely linked with changes in various social, political, economic, social, cultural and ideological fields in all periods. ① Observer development and evolution of the process and characteristics can be found in the pre-Qin period Shiduo is called Tourists, ② Qin and Han Dynasties mostly to the doctor’s “Form ” appears. (3) However, the term “sash” varies from one period to another, and it is therefore difficult to ascertain its history