骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)是一组异质性很强的疾病,临床上需针对不同类型MDS采取分层治疗,针对不同目的选择个体化治疗方案。近年研究表明,异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)治疗MDS的疗效确切,预后评分系统对MDS移植后的疗效有重要预测作用,年龄对50岁以上各年龄段的MDS患者移植后总体生存的影响不大,非清髓或减低剂量预处理的Allo-HSCT使更多年老体弱患者耐受移植治疗,移植时机是影响Allo-HSCT疗效和预后的重要因素。 Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of heterogeneous diseases. Clinically, different types of MDS should be stratified and individualized treatment plans should be chosen according to different purposes. Recent studies have shown that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) for the treatment of MDS exact effect, prognostic score system has an important predictive effect on the efficacy of MDS transplantation, age over the age of 50 MDS patients of all ages after transplantation overall survival Allo-HSCT, which has little effect on non-myeloablative or dose-pretreatment, has enabled more elderly and frail patients to tolerate transplantation. The timing of transplantation is an important factor affecting the efficacy and prognosis of Allo-HSCT.