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“too 形容词/付词 动词不定式”结构中称为“too…to…”结构。这种结构是英语中较为常见的一种句型。在多数情况下表示否定的概念,意为“太…而不能”“太…无法…”。然而,有时候却可以用这一结构来表示肯定意义。
She was too excited to say a word.
她太激动了,说不出话来。
He is too young to join the Army.
他太小了,不能参军。
一、 表示否定意义
1.在too…to…这一结构中,too后常跟形容词或副词,有时也可跟一个用作形容词的过去分词。
He is too tired to think of anything.
他太累了,什么也不想了。
I am too tired to go stop farther.
我太累了,走不动了。
2.在too…to…这种结构中,如果主语是不定式动作的承受者,不定式可用主动形式,也可用被动形式。
My bike is too badly broken to be mended.
我的自行车破得不能再修了。
The water is too hot to drink.=The water is too hot to be drunk.
水太热,不能喝。
(此句中尽管用了主动形式,但意义是被动的。)
3.在too…to…结构中,可以加上一个不定式的逻辑主语for sb(sth),这样,可以起到一定的限制作用,即限制不定式表示的动作只是它的逻辑主语。对于其他人或物则不一定是这样,这就使句子意思更具体、明白。
His question is too easy for me to answer.
他的问题对我来说太容易了。
He spoke too fast for me to follow.
他讲话太快, 听不懂。
二、 too…to…表示肯定意义
1.当too 后面接anxious, eager, ready, apt, nervous, glad, satisfied, kind,willing,good,happy,pleased,careful,easy,early,well,hear,true等一类形容词时,too…to…结构表示肯定意义。这时,动词不定式及短语修饰的不是副词too,而是too后面的形容词。
They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.
他们显然过分紧张不安,并且过分急于离开。
He is too ready to speak.他太爱讲话了。
She is too anxious to see him.
她太想见到他了。
2.在too…to do结构中的too之前加上用于加强语气的only,but,simply,just,all等词时,而only too或but too作very解时,则动词不定式表示肯定的意思。
I am all too satisfied to go with him.
我很乐意和他一起去。
I am only too delighted to accept your kind invitation.
接到你的盛情邀请,我太高兴了。
He is only too happy to see you.
他见你真是太高兴了。
3.当too前面有never或not时,构成“never too…to do”意为“永远不…所以能…”,这是“not too…to”的强调结构,意为“并不太…所以能…”。
One is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。
It is not (never) too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。
English is not too difficult to learn.
英语并不太难学。
4.有时句中的too在意义上与后面的动词不定式无关,因而不定式不含有否定的意义。
Is is too much to say that he is an excellent teacher.
说他是位极好的老师并不过分。
5.在“too…to…”结构中,不定式表示否定,如在不定式前加上一个否定词not,即“too…not to do”,就变成肯定了,意为“太…不会不…”或译为“非常…必定能…”。相当于so…that one can…
He is too wise not to know it.=He is so wise that he can know it.
他很精明,这他不会不知道。
He is too kind not to help you.他很善良,不会不帮助你。
(=He is so kind that he can help you.)
She was too angry not to say what she thought
=She was so angry that she could not say what she thought.
她太生气了,忍不住要说出心里的话。
综上所述,too…to…结构具有否定、肯定两种意义。所以,在遇到“too…to…”结构的句子时,必须根据上下文的意思翻译,在特定的环境下,弄通句子成分之间的内在关系,只有这样,才能掌握比较准确的意义。
She was too excited to say a word.
她太激动了,说不出话来。
He is too young to join the Army.
他太小了,不能参军。
一、 表示否定意义
1.在too…to…这一结构中,too后常跟形容词或副词,有时也可跟一个用作形容词的过去分词。
He is too tired to think of anything.
他太累了,什么也不想了。
I am too tired to go stop farther.
我太累了,走不动了。
2.在too…to…这种结构中,如果主语是不定式动作的承受者,不定式可用主动形式,也可用被动形式。
My bike is too badly broken to be mended.
我的自行车破得不能再修了。
The water is too hot to drink.=The water is too hot to be drunk.
水太热,不能喝。
(此句中尽管用了主动形式,但意义是被动的。)
3.在too…to…结构中,可以加上一个不定式的逻辑主语for sb(sth),这样,可以起到一定的限制作用,即限制不定式表示的动作只是它的逻辑主语。对于其他人或物则不一定是这样,这就使句子意思更具体、明白。
His question is too easy for me to answer.
他的问题对我来说太容易了。
He spoke too fast for me to follow.
他讲话太快, 听不懂。
二、 too…to…表示肯定意义
1.当too 后面接anxious, eager, ready, apt, nervous, glad, satisfied, kind,willing,good,happy,pleased,careful,easy,early,well,hear,true等一类形容词时,too…to…结构表示肯定意义。这时,动词不定式及短语修饰的不是副词too,而是too后面的形容词。
They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.
他们显然过分紧张不安,并且过分急于离开。
He is too ready to speak.他太爱讲话了。
She is too anxious to see him.
她太想见到他了。
2.在too…to do结构中的too之前加上用于加强语气的only,but,simply,just,all等词时,而only too或but too作very解时,则动词不定式表示肯定的意思。
I am all too satisfied to go with him.
我很乐意和他一起去。
I am only too delighted to accept your kind invitation.
接到你的盛情邀请,我太高兴了。
He is only too happy to see you.
他见你真是太高兴了。
3.当too前面有never或not时,构成“never too…to do”意为“永远不…所以能…”,这是“not too…to”的强调结构,意为“并不太…所以能…”。
One is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。
It is not (never) too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。
English is not too difficult to learn.
英语并不太难学。
4.有时句中的too在意义上与后面的动词不定式无关,因而不定式不含有否定的意义。
Is is too much to say that he is an excellent teacher.
说他是位极好的老师并不过分。
5.在“too…to…”结构中,不定式表示否定,如在不定式前加上一个否定词not,即“too…not to do”,就变成肯定了,意为“太…不会不…”或译为“非常…必定能…”。相当于so…that one can…
He is too wise not to know it.=He is so wise that he can know it.
他很精明,这他不会不知道。
He is too kind not to help you.他很善良,不会不帮助你。
(=He is so kind that he can help you.)
She was too angry not to say what she thought
=She was so angry that she could not say what she thought.
她太生气了,忍不住要说出心里的话。
综上所述,too…to…结构具有否定、肯定两种意义。所以,在遇到“too…to…”结构的句子时,必须根据上下文的意思翻译,在特定的环境下,弄通句子成分之间的内在关系,只有这样,才能掌握比较准确的意义。