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目的通过调查某国有造修船企业流动劳动者的职业卫生现状,为用人单位采取防治职业病危害措施提供科学依据。方法制订统一的职业卫生情况调查表,对流动劳动者及工作场所进行职业卫生调查。结果该企业职工总数为9 515人,接触职业危害因素员工有7 454人,其中近7 000余人为劳务流动员工。接触的职业危害因素主要为电焊烟尘、锰、金属烟尘、有机溶剂、噪声、紫外辐射、X射线等,其中电焊烟尘、锰、二甲苯、噪声都超标。2012年度,接触职业危害因素的流动劳动者有3 836人进行了职业健康检查,检查项目异常的工人数高达504人,占13.14%。结论该企业应提高企业法律意识,加强流动劳动者管理,开展职业健康促进活动,改善卫生行为,是预防流动劳动者职业病的有效途径。
Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational health of migrant workers in a state-owned ship-building enterprise and provide a scientific basis for employing units to take measures to prevent occupational diseases. Methods Establish a unified questionnaire on occupational health and conduct occupational health surveys on migrant workers and the workplace. Results The total number of employees in this enterprise was 9,515. There were 7,454 employees exposed to occupational hazards, of which nearly 7,000 were labor migrant workers. Occupational hazards are mainly welding fumes, manganese, metal dust, organic solvents, noise, UV radiation, X-rays, etc. Among them, welding fume, manganese, xylene and noise are all excessive. In 2012, 3,836 migrant workers exposed to occupational hazards were subjected to occupational health examinations, with 504 workers or 13.14% of the workers having anomalous project inspections. Conclusion The enterprise should enhance the legal awareness of enterprises, strengthen the management of migrant workers, carry out occupational health promotion activities and improve health behaviors, which is an effective way to prevent migrant workers from occupational diseases.