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敦煌石窟是我们伟大祖国的光辉灿烂的文化艺术宝库。她不仅仅是一般的佛教艺术,而且是一部中古时代(北凉、北魏、西魏、北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、西夏、元10个朝代)跨越千年,绵延不断、传统有绪的历史象征。浩如烟海的壁画中,描绘了不少古代科学技术发展演变以及中西交流方面的历史画面。其中的一些画面早已引起国内外科技史学家们的珍视并加以考证和研讨,但更多的画面至今鲜为人知。笔者怀着极大兴趣,逐窟对敦煌壁画中有关科技方面的画面作了详细调查,现作一介绍。一、农业壁画中的农业科技史资料也很多。描绘在北朝至西夏各个时代的壁画中的“农作图”就有80多幅。反映出的农事活动就有:挽牛犁地、牵牛、撤种,用耧犁播种、扬粪土、耱地、锄草、持镰收割、扎捆、人工挑运、持梿枷打场、用杈、木(木欣)和簸箕扬扬,用扫帚
Dunhuang Grottoes are the glorious cultural and artistic treasures of our great motherland. She is not only an ordinary Buddhist art, but also an ancient time (Northern Liang, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan dynasties) spanning the millennium, Historical symbol. The sea of murals, depicting the development and evolution of many ancient science and technology as well as Sino-Western exchange aspects of the historical picture. Some of these pictures have long been cherished and scrutinized and discussed by historians of science and technology both at home and abroad, but more pictures are still unknown to date. With great interest, I made a detailed investigation on the pictures of science and technology in Dunhuang murals on a cave-by-cave basis. First, agricultural murals in the history of agricultural science and technology information is also many. There are more than 80 pieces of “farming drawings” depicting murals from the Northern Dynasties to the Western Xia Dynasty. Reflected agricultural activities are: pull cattle plowing, cows, seeds, plow sowing, Yang manure, land, weeding, holding a sickle harvest, tie bundles, manual pick-up, holding a flail field, With twigs, wood (Mu Xin) and dustpan triumphantly, with a broom