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为阐明植被覆盖与施肥管理综合作用下黑土活性有机碳的数量特征,探讨合理调控农田土壤质量的施肥模式。本试验以中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站长期定位试验为平台,对比和研究了草地与农田生态系统中不同施肥处理下土壤总有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物生物量碳、冷水提取有机碳以及热水提取有机碳数量上的差异及相互关系。结果表明:经过25年的自然恢复,草地生态系统中土壤有机碳及各活性有机碳的数量显著高于农田生态系统中的无肥处理(P<0.05)。农田生态系统中,化肥处理对农田土壤有机碳和活性有机碳的提高作用并不明显;经过长期化肥+有机肥处理后,农田土壤总有机碳与各活性组分的数量较无肥和化肥处理显著提高(P<0.05),除微生物生物量碳外,总有机碳与其他活性有机碳组分的数量均达到草地植被下的碳水平,土壤总有机碳及冷水和热水提取有机碳的含量与草地生态系统的差异不显著,颗粒有机碳含量比草地生态系统坛加43.7%。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳总量、微生物生物量碳、冷水提取有机碳以及热水提取有机碳两两之间的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平。长期化肥与有机肥配施是提高黑土有机碳及其活性有机碳数量的有效措施。
In order to elucidate the quantitative characteristics of active organic carbon in black soil under the combined effect of vegetation coverage and fertilization management, this paper explored fertilization modes that could reasonably control soil quality in farmland. Based on the long-term experiment of the Helen Agricultural Ecology Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, this experiment compares and studies soil total organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, cold water extracted organic carbon and heat under different fertilization treatments in grassland and farmland ecosystems Water extraction of organic carbon differences and their relationship. The results showed that after 25 years of natural restoration, the amount of soil organic carbon and the amount of active organic carbon in the grassland ecosystem was significantly higher than that in the farmland ecosystem (P <0.05). In the farmland ecosystem, the enhancement effect of chemical fertilizer on soil organic carbon and active organic carbon was not obvious. After long-term chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer treatment, the total soil organic carbon and the amount of each active component in farmland were higher than that of no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatment (P <0.05). In addition to microbial biomass carbon, the total organic carbon and other active organic carbon components reached the level of grass under the grassland carbon content, soil total organic carbon and cold and hot water extraction of organic carbon content Compared with the grassland ecosystem, the difference was not significant, and the content of particulate organic carbon was 43.7% higher than the grassland ecosystem. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between soil total organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, organic carbon extracted with cold water and organic carbon extracted with hot water reached significant or extremely significant levels. Long-term application of fertilizers and organic fertilizers is an effective measure to increase organic carbon and its active organic carbon in black soil.