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随着现代化科学技术的发展,生产自动化程度不断提高,越来越多的作业以坐位操作来完成。目前发达国家从业人员中有3/4是坐位作业工人。从七十年代起,坐位作业引起的慢性肌肉骨骼损伤(chronic musculo-skeletal injury)日益受到关注,从许多方面进行了大量研究工作。本文对国内外这方面的研究作一概述。 坐位作业特点 坐是将身体的重量以骶结节及周围软组织为主要支撑的一种姿势。从站位到坐位,躯干与大腿的夹角由180°变为90°,腰椎曲度变平约25°到38°,同时髋关节转动60°,骨盆后旋。任何一种坐姿,其椎间盘内压力均大于站位。有研究表明,站位时的压力仅为坐位时的74％。由于脊柱是由肌
With the development of modern science and technology, the degree of automation of production has been continuously improved, and more and more homework is done by sitting operations. At present, 3/4 of the employees in developed countries are sitting workers. Since the 1970s, chronic musculo-skeletal injury caused by sitting operations has drawn increasing attention and a great deal of research has been carried out in many aspects. This article gives an overview of the research in this field at home and abroad. Sitting seat operating characteristics Sitting is the posture of the body weight to sacral nodules and surrounding soft tissue as the main support of a posture. From the station to the seat, the angle between the torso and the thigh changes from 180 ° to 90 °, and the lumbar curvature becomes approximately 25 ° to 38 °. At the same time, the hip joint rotates 60 ° and the pelvis is rotated. Any kind of sitting position, the disc pressure is greater than the station. Studies have shown that when the station pressure is only 74% when sitting. Because the spine is muscle