论文部分内容阅读
一、减人增效与扩大就业:中国经济体制改革的两难选择在计划经济体制下,国有企业长期实行的是低收入高就业政策,造成国有企业富余人员过多、劳动生产率低下,缺乏竞争力。随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立,以及对外开放的深化,市场竞争日趋激烈,而国有企业赖以生存的软预算约束条件,由于财政和信贷体制改革不复存在,这就使得国有企业内部效率低下的矛盾进一步暴露出来,不进行减人增效国有企业就不能进入市场,就没有竞争力。但在当前的经济转轨阶段,从宏观经济目标来看,政府增加就业的任务比任何一个国家更繁重;而从企业微观来看,又必须推进国有企业减人增效的改革。这是中国改革过程中特有的两难选择。二、国企结构调整与减人增效:成效和问题国有企业的结构调整包括:1.兼并破产,使一部分已经丧失竞争力的企业逐步退出市场;2.部分中小企业改制出售为非国有企业,从一般竞争性领域退出;3.国有大中型企业重组改制成为产权多元化的股份制企业或上
I. Decreasing Efficiency and Enlarging Employment: The Dilemma of China's Economic System Reform Under the planned economic system, the state-owned enterprises have long been implementing low-income and high-employment policies, resulting in excessive surplus state-owned enterprises, low labor productivity and lack of competitiveness . With the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system and the deepening of opening up to the outside world, market competition has become fiercer and fiercer. And due to the soft budget constraints that state-owned enterprises rely on for survival, the reform of the fiscal and credit systems ceases to exist, Inequitable contradictions have been further uncovered, and there is no competitiveness without being able to enter the market without reducing or enhancing the efficiency of state-owned enterprises. However, in the current stage of economic transition, from the perspective of macroeconomic goals, the task of increasing employment by the government is more burdensome than any other country. From the microscopic point of view of enterprises, we must also promote the reform of reducing and enhancing state-owned enterprises. This is a unique dilemma in China's reform process. Second, the structural adjustment of state-owned enterprises and reducing efficiency: Results and Problems The structural adjustment of state-owned enterprises include: 1. Mergers and bankruptcies, a part of the enterprises have been losing competitiveness gradually out of the market; 2. Some SMEs restructuring for sale as non-state-owned enterprises, Exit from the general competitive field; 3. Reform and restructuring of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises into joint-stock enterprises with diversified ownership