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20世纪90年代中期,随着我国经济体制改革的力度加大,城镇贫困问题凸显,这种经济高速增长过程中出现的贫困问题根源于体制转型过程中低收入群体的脆弱性不断提高。脆弱性不同于贫困,脆弱性指的是陷入贫困或者陷入更深贫困的可能性或者概率,它包括风险冲击和抵御风险的能力两个方面。市场化转型过程中风险冲击的增加以及社会保障制度改革滞后和收入增长缓慢等因素导致的抵御风险能力的下降,是低收入人群脆弱性提高的原因。预防贫困的发生是成本最低的反贫困政策,降低脆弱性着眼于防治贫困的发生,可以有效地克服贫困陷阱带来的困扰,有力地促进全面建设小康社会目标的实现。
In the mid-1990s, with the intensification of China’s economic reform, the problem of urban poverty highlighted. The problem of poverty in this rapid economic growth stems from the continuous increase of the vulnerability of low-income groups in the process of system transformation. Vulnerability is different from poverty. Vulnerability refers to the possibility or probability of falling into poverty or falling into deeper poverty. It includes both the risk shock and the ability to resist risks. The increase of risk impact in the course of market-oriented transformation and the reduction of the ability to resist risks resulting from lagging social security system reform and slow income growth are the reasons for the increased vulnerability of low-income people. Prevention of poverty is the lowest cost anti-poverty policy. Reducing vulnerability focuses on the prevention and control of poverty. It can effectively overcome the troubles caused by the poverty trap and effectively promote the goal of building an overall well-to-do society.