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目的研制有效控制重疫区学生感染的血吸虫病健康教育干预模式,并观察其远期干预效果。方法应用实验研究方法,1992年基线调查后,1993-1999年和2000-2007年分别应用“信息传播+防护技能培训+奖惩激励”和“信息传播+行为参与+行为激励”干预实验组目标人群。结果干预前(1992)实验组和对照组血防知识知晓率、血防态度正确率、疫水接触率和血吸虫感染率均无显著差异。干预后1年(1993)实验组血防知识知晓率和血防态度正确率分别由干预前8.99、55.06提高到94.38、98.88;疫水接触率和血吸虫感染率分别由干预前14.55、13.94下降到1.87、2.25;对照组干预前后上述各项指标均无明显变化。干预后2-7年(1994-1999)实验组疫水接触率和血吸虫感染率均较干预前显著下降,但均未降至0。干预后8-15年(2000-2007)实验组均无疫水接触者和血吸虫感染者。结论应用“信息传播+行为参与+行为激励”模式干预可使重度疫区学生明显减轻甚至可完全避免血吸虫感染。
Objective To develop a health education intervention model to effectively control schistosomiasis infection in students infected with heavy endemic areas and to observe the long-term intervention effects. Methods Applying the method of experimental research, after the baseline survey in 1992, we applied “information dissemination + protective skill training + reward and punishment incentive” and “information dissemination + behavioral participation + behavioral stimulation” respectively in 1993-1999 and 2000-2007 Experimental group target population. Results Before intervention (1992), there was no significant difference in the knowledge rate of schistosomiasis awareness, the correct rate of schistosomiasis control, the rate of exposure to water and the infection rate of schistosomiasis in experimental group and control group. One year after intervention (1993), the awareness rate of blood-borne knowledge and the correct rate of blood-based attitude were increased from 8.99 and 55.06 before intervention to 94.38 and 98.88, respectively. The contact rate of infected water and the infection rate of schistosomiasis decreased from 14.55 and 13.94 before intervention to 1.87, 2.25; before and after the intervention in the control group no significant changes in the above indicators. In the 2-7 years after the intervention (1994-1999), the contact rate of the water and the infection rate of the schistosomiasis in the experimental group decreased significantly compared with that before the intervention, but none of them dropped to zero. In the 8-15 years after the intervention (2000-2007), there were no infected persons and schistosome infected persons in the experimental group. Conclusion Application of “information dissemination + behavioral participation + behavioral stimulation” mode intervention can significantly reduce severe schizophrenia students or even completely avoid schistosome infection.