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法国革命在德国引发了前所未有的震撼,尤其是经历了思想的伟大洗礼。德国自由主义者接受启蒙思想,信奉古典自由主义国家保护安全的信条,要求取缔全能的警察国家,削弱绝对统治色彩,实行某种程度的宪政。但是随着法国革命的推进,德国自由主义者开始怀疑现代国家起源的古典理论——“社会契约论”,一种更为保守的“历史有机国家”理论逐渐占据了主流地位。不过,“法治国家”思想的发展在某种程度上防止了“有机国家”向绝对主义国家的回归。
The French Revolution sparked an unprecedented shock in Germany, especially through the great baptism of thought. German liberalism accepted the enlightenment idea and believed in the credo of the classical liberal countries for the protection of security. They demanded that the all-powerful police state should be banned, that the absolute rule should be weakened and that some degree of constitutional government be practiced. However, with the progress of the French Revolution, German liberals began to doubt the classical theory of the origins of modern countries - the “social contract theory.” A more conservative theory of “historic organic states” gradually occupied the mainstream status. However, the development of the “rule of law” thought prevented the “organic countries” to some extent from returning to the absurd countries.