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20世纪60年代后,跨国公司在全球范围内寻求资源的最佳配置,将其制造业向新兴市场国家转移。我国改革开放以后,凭借巨大的市场容量,劳动力成本的低廉和环保管制的放松等优势承接了这一产业转移,制造业借势迅猛发展,一跃成为我国最大的产业部门,并使我国成为全球制造业基地,一度被认为已经成为继英、美、日之后新的“世界工厂”。然而时隔三十年后的今天,我国生产要素成本提高,周边国家(如印度、新加坡、马来西亚)经济的兴起,加之2008年以来席卷全球的美国金融危机、欧洲债务危机的影响,让中国制造业正在接受前所未有的考验。我国制造业的繁荣主要依靠劳动密集型的加工组装行业的发展,经济附加值极低;以高耗能、劳动密集型、核心竞争力定位于低劳动力成本为特点的“中
After the 1960s, multinational corporations sought the best allocation of resources on a global scale and shifted their manufacturing industries to emerging market countries. After the reform and opening up in our country, the industrial transfer was carried on the merits of huge market capacity, low labor cost and relaxation of environmental protection control. With the rapid development of manufacturing industry, it became the largest industrial sector in our country and made our country a global The manufacturing base was once considered as the new ”world factory" after Britain, the United States and Japan. However, after three decades, the cost of production factors in our country has risen. The rise of the economy in neighboring countries (such as India, Singapore and Malaysia), coupled with the global financial crisis in the United States since 2008 and the impact of the European debt crisis, have made China Industry is undergoing an unprecedented test. The prosperity of China’s manufacturing industry relies mainly on the development of the labor-intensive processing and assembly industry, with extremely low added-value of the economy. It is characterized by its high energy-consuming, labor-intensive and core competitiveness characterized by low labor costs