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目的了解某高校诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情流行病学特征,分析疫情病因,为预防和控制疫情提供参考。方法采用现场流行病学调查及实验室检测方法,对病例进行回顾性调查。运用描述性统计分析、病例对照研究方法对暴发疫情数据及相关因素进行分析。结果本次疫情共持续14 d,首发病例发病时间为12月22日13:00,累计发病92例。92例病例中,本科生罹患率为1.57%(62/3 945),研究生罹患率为0.76%(26/3 424),教职工罹患率为0.26%(4/1 560),差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.20,P<0.01)。男性罹患率为1.28%(72/5 614),女性罹患率为1.14%(20/1 755),性别差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.22,P>0.01)。92例病例主要症状为腹泻(73.91%,68/92)、恶心(71.74%,66/92)、腹痛(63.04%,58/92)、呕吐(59.78%,55/92)、发热(42.39%,39/92)。学生食堂M餐厅为疫情暴发高危场所(OR=3.72,95%CI=1.67~8.23)。实验室检测发现3名学生病例粪便样和1名厨工肛拭子样标本检出诺如病毒,其中2名学生病例均有M餐厅就餐史。结论该疫情为一起由M餐厅共同暴露引起的诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情,食物传播为主要传播途径。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus infectious diarrhea outbreak in a university and to analyze the cause of the outbreak and provide a reference for the prevention and control of the outbreak. Methods The epidemiological survey and laboratory testing methods were used to investigate the cases retrospectively. Using descriptive statistical analysis and case-control study, the outbreak data and related factors were analyzed. Results The outbreak continued for 14 days. The onset time of the first case was 13:00 on December 22, with a cumulative incidence of 92 cases. Among the 92 cases, the undergraduate rate was 1.57% (62/3 945), the post-graduate attack rate was 0.76% (26/3 424), the staff attack rate was 0.26% (4/1 560), the difference was statistically significant Significance (χ2 = 23.20, P <0.01). The prevalence of males was 1.28% (72/5 614). The prevalence rate of females was 1.14% (20/1 755). There was no significant difference in gender (χ2 = 0.22, P> 0.01). The main symptoms of 92 cases were diarrhea (73.91%, 68/92), nausea (71.74%, 66/92), abdominal pain (63.04%, 58/92), vomiting (59.78%, 55/92), fever , 39/92). Student cafeteria M restaurant for the outbreak of high risk locations (OR = 3.72,95% CI = 1.67 ~ 8.23). Laboratory tests found that three students stool samples and a kitchen workers anal swab samples detected norovirus, including two cases of student dining history M restaurant. Conclusions The outbreak was an outbreak of norovirus infectious diarrhea caused by co-exposure of restaurant M and the food was the main route of transmission.