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本文简要地介绍了拉压样品台的试验方法及在拉压应力下影响GCr15轴承钢破坏的组织或缺陷因素,观察表明:在拉应力状态下,裂纹优先于网状析出物形核并沿网状扩展,造成低应力沿晶破坏,即材料破坏有明显的网状析出敏感性。在压应力状态下,网状虽然仍是材料破坏的主要威胁,但在比较接近的应力水平下,其他缺陷甚至包括晶内的颗状碳化物也会参加破断过程。因此:消除网状和大尺寸缺陷(包括碳化物和非金属夹杂物),使碳化物均匀弥散析出是阻止裂纹形核扩展和提高材料强韧性的重要途径。
In this paper, the test methods of tension and compression specimen stage and the microstructure or defect factors that affect the failure of GCr15 bearing steel under tension and compression stress are briefly introduced. The results show that the cracks take precedence over the network nucleation and nucleation along the mesh Shaped expansion, resulting in low stress along the crystal damage, that is, material damage obvious mesh precipitation sensitivity. Under compressive stress, while the mesh remains a major threat to material failure, other defects, including even intragranular, granular carbides, participate in the breaking process at relatively close stress levels. Therefore: Elimination of mesh and large size defects (including carbide and non-metallic inclusions), the uniform dispersion of carbides is an important way to prevent the crack nucleation expansion and improve the material toughness.