一、前言在工业中广泛使用酸溶液,最重要的应用场所是酸浸、工业酸洗、酸除垢和油井酸化。此外,不同工业的许多制造过程也同样要用到酸。由于酸溶液有腐蚀性,因此要采用缓蚀措施来减轻金属材料的腐蚀。因根据一种环境设计的保护措施对同种金属如在其它条件下应用就可能不适合,因此缓蚀的方法要根据特殊的腐蚀系统加以评定。选择合适的缓蚀剂主要取决于酸的类型、浓度、温度和流速,还与溶解无机物或甚至很少量的有机物以及所用金属材料有关。市售酸中,最常用的是盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、柠檬酸、蚊酸和醋酸,下面只讨论这些酸的缓蚀问题以及铁金属和合金等重要的金属材料。本文综述了缓蚀剂在一些重要场合应用 I. INTRODUCTION Acid solutions are widely used in industry. The most important applications are acid leaching, industrial pickling, acid descaling and well acidification. In addition, many manufacturing processes in different industries also use acid. Due to the corrosive nature of the acid solution, corrosion mitigation measures should be used to reduce the corrosion of metal materials. Since protection measures designed according to one environment may not be suitable for the same metal if applied under other conditions, the method of corrosion inhibition shall be based on a special corrosion system. The choice of a suitable corrosion inhibitor depends mainly on the type of acid, the concentration, the temperature and the flow rate, but also on the dissolved inorganic or even a small amount of organic matter and the metal material used. The most commonly used acids are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, citric acid, mosquito acid and acetic acid. Only the corrosion inhibition of these acids and the important metallic materials such as ferrous metals and alloys are discussed below. This article reviews the use of corrosion inhibitors in some important applications