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为了揭示黄土高原红枣种植区积温的变化特征,为红枣产业的布局和科学管理提供依据。利用1971—2010年12个气象站日平均气温资料,运用线性倾向估计、M-K及小波分析等方法,对≥0℃,5℃,10℃积温及负积温的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,40年来≥0℃,5℃,10℃积温呈增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为64.557℃/10a,66.235℃/10a,48.023℃/10a。负积温呈减少趋势,气候倾向率为-33.759℃/10a。持续日数呈增加趋势,各界限温度初日呈提前趋势,终日除10℃外均呈推后趋势。各界限温度积温均发生突变现象,负积温突变出现最早1986年,其次为≥0℃积温1995年,≥5℃、≥10℃积温1996年;各界限温度积温变化存在多时间尺度的周期变化特征,具有2~4,9~11,32~33a左右的周期振荡,其中32~33a左右的周期最为明显。黄土高原红枣种植区近40a来0℃以上各界限温度积温和持续时间呈增加趋势,热量资源明显改善,适宜种植红枣的区域扩大;但需采取有效措施防御可能发生的干旱灾害及红枣病虫害。
In order to reveal the characteristics of the accumulated temperature in the jujube planting area on the Loess Plateau, this study provides the basis for the layout and scientific management of the jujube industry. Using the daily average temperature data of 12 weather stations from 1971 to 2010, the linear temperature estimation, M-K and wavelet analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of accumulated temperature and negative accumulated temperature of ≥0 ℃, 5 ℃ and 10 ℃. The results showed that the accumulated temperature at ≥0 ℃, 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ increased in the past 40 years, and the climate tendencies were 64.557 ℃ / 10a, 66.235 ℃ / 10a and 48.023 ℃ / 10a respectively. Negative accumulated temperature showed a decreasing tendency with a climate trend of -33.759 ℃ / 10a. The number of days continued to increase, and the boundary temperatures showed an early trend on the first day, with the trend of pushing all at all except 10 ℃. The temperature anomaly of all the boundaries occurred the phenomenon of mutation. The negative accumulated temperature mutation appeared first in 1986, followed by ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature in 1995, ≥5 ℃, ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature in 1996. The variation of accumulated temperature in each boundary temperature had multi-time-scale periodic variation , With 2 ~ 4,9 ~ 11,32 ~ 33a around the periodic oscillation, of which about 32 ~ 33a the most obvious cycle. In the past 40 years, the temperature and duration of jujube growing areas above 0 ° C in the Loess Plateau increased with the increase of caloric resources and the expansion of suitable jujube planting areas. However, effective measures should be taken to prevent possible drought disasters and jujube pests and diseases.