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安徽省是疟疾流行较严重的省份,属不稳定疟区,历史上曾多次发生疟疾暴发流行.间日疟在全省范围内流行,20世纪80年代恶性疟在北纬31°～33°之间的江淮丘陵地区的20个县、市中流行.20世纪60-70年代,疟疾发病率曾高达3 214/万.经多年积极防治,疟疾发病大幅度下降,全省自1991年以后未发现本地感染恶性疟病例,1999年疟疾发病率下降至1/10万左右.2000年起,全省疟疾疫情出现大幅回升,局部暴发时有发生,病例集中于沿淮及淮河以北地区,至2006年全省报告病例34 984例,发病率达57.2/10万,发病数和发病率均居全国首位,其中99％为本地感染的间日疟病例,其他为境外输入的恶性疟病例.2007年起采取以传染源清除行动为主的综合性防治措施后,疟疾疫情得到有效遏制,年发病率降为44.69/10万,2008-2013年疟疾疫情连年大幅度下降,年发病率从22.04/10万下降至0.32/10万,2013年,全省仅报告3例本地感染病例,2014年起至今,全省境内无本地感染疟疾病例报告.安徽省于2010年启动消除疟疾行动计划,计划于2018年在全省范围内消除疟疾.目前消除疟疾工作进展顺利,两个阶段性目标提前实现.至2016年底,全省已有94个县(市、区)和5个市完成了消除疟疾考核评估.“,”Anhui Province was an area of unstable malaria transmission,with severe malaria epidemic and many outbreaks of malaria in history.Vivax malaria was prevalent all over the province,and falciparum malaria was once prevalent in 20 counties and cities in Jianghuai hilly region between 31° and 33 ° N latitude in the 1980s.In the 1960s and 1970s,malaria incidence was as high as 3 214/104.After decades of the efforts,malaria incidence decreased drastically.No local Plasmodium falciparum infection cases were reported in Anhui Province since 1991.The annual incidence reduced to 1/105 in 1999.For a variety of reasons,malaria incidence was drastically increasing,and the outbreaks of malaria occurred in the high epidemic areas along and north of the Huai River since 2000.A total of 34 984 malaria cases were reported in 2006,of which 99％ were local vivax malaria cases,1％ were imported falciparum malaria cases,with incidence of 57.2/105.Not only the number of malaria cases but also the incidence became the No.1 in the country.Then,the situation was under control effectively,and since the comprehensive measures with an emphasis on the clearance of malaria infection sources were implemented in 2007,the incidence decreased to 44.69/105.The annual incidence was drastically decreasing from 22.04/105 in 2008 to 0.32/105 in 2013.Only 3 local malaria cases were reported in 2013.No local malaria cases have been reported since 2014.The Malaria Elimination Action Plan was initiated in Anhui Province in 2010,to pursue the goal of provincial wide malaria elimination by 2018.The plan has progressed smoothly and the stage goals have been achieved ahead of time.By 2016,94 counties (districts) and 5 cities have passed county-level and city-level malaria elimination assessments in Anhui Province.