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在利用主要国家专利机构的专利数据对电动汽车技术发展水平和趋势进行分析的基础上,引入跨国专利(transnational patents)概念,以避免在利用专利数据进行国际技术比较中“本土优势”的影响,客观评价主要国家电动汽车相对技术水平。构建跨国专利比例指标,对主要国家电动汽车技术的国际化程度进行比较研究,并引入专利比较优势指数分析主要国家电动汽车技术的比较优势。统计结果表明,中国电动汽车技术发展迅速,但是与日本、美国等国家依然存在较大差距,主要表现在国际专利申请数量少、专利国际化程度低等方面;中国在电池及电池控制技术领域存在比较优势,而电机及电机控制技术存在明显的比较劣势,中国需要进一步加强电机技术的研发以推动电动汽车产业的整体平衡发展。
The concept of transnational patents is introduced based on the analysis of the level and trend of electric vehicle technology development using the patent data of major national patent agencies in order to avoid the use of patent data in international technology comparisons. Influence, objectively evaluate the relative technical level of major national electric vehicles. The proportion index of transnational patents was constructed. The internationalization of major national EV technologies was comparatively studied, and the comparative advantage index of patents was introduced to analyze the comparative advantages of major national EV technologies. The statistical results show that the technology of electric vehicles in China is developing rapidly, but there is still a big gap with Japan, the United States and other countries, mainly in the small number of international patent applications and the low level of patent internationalization. China exists in the field of battery and battery control technologies Comparative advantage, and motor and motor control technology there is a clear comparative disadvantage, China needs to further strengthen the motor technology research and development in order to promote the overall balance of the development of electric vehicle industry.