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目的研究汉族与维吾尔族儿童发展性阅读障碍的不同阅读特征,为开展不同种族儿童发展性阅读障碍的遗传学研究提供基础。方法本文采用分层检测的策略,依据ICD-10诊断标准,抽取3~5年级儿童1 181名,利用儿童阅读障碍量表进行检测筛查,以各阅读障碍各因子为自变量拟合了Logistic回归模型。分析不同种族的阅读特征的差异。结果 1)汉族儿童阅读障碍的筛查阳性率为4.69%,维吾尔族儿童阅读障碍的筛查阳性率为7.93%,两种族之间阅读障碍的筛出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.448,P<0.05)。2)维吾尔族儿童阅读障碍组的8个因子均高于对照组。进一步进行Logistic回归分析,其中口语表达(OR=2.432)和视知觉(OR=6.056)对阅读障碍的影响较大。3)不同民族阅读障碍儿童各因子评分比较:口语表达、书面表达、注意力、视知觉差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),维吾尔族儿童显著高于汉族儿童分值。结论汉族儿童与维吾尔族儿童阅读障碍筛查阳性率差异具有统计学意义;维吾尔族发展性阅读障碍儿童在阅读中各个环节均受损,以口语表达障碍和视知觉损害为主;汉族与维吾尔族儿童阅读障碍特征存在显著性差异,汉族儿童各因子得分均低于维吾尔族儿童。
Objective To study the different reading characteristics of children with Dyslexia in Han and Uighur ethnic groups and to provide a basis for the study of genetics of Dyslexic children with different ethnic groups. Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10, 1 181 children aged 3 to 5 were enrolled in this study. The children’s reading disorder scale was used for screening tests. The factors of each reading disability were used as the independent variables to fit Logistic Regression model. Analyze the differences in reading characteristics of different races. Results 1) The positive rate of screening for dyslexia in Han children was 4.69%, the positive rate of screening for dyslexia was 7.93% in Uygur children, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.448, P <0.05). 2) Eight factors in Uygur children with Dyslexia group were higher than those in control group. Further Logistic regression analysis, oral expression (OR = 2.432) and visual perception (OR = 6.056) on the impact of reading disabilities. 3) Comparison of scores of children with different reading disabilities: Oral expression, written expression, attention and visual perception were significantly different (P <0.05), and Uighur children were significantly higher than Han children. Conclusions The positive rate of screening dyslexia of Han children and Uygur children has statistical significance. The Uygur children with developmental dyslexia are impaired in all aspects of reading, with the disturbance of oral expression and visual perception as the mainstay. Han and Uighur There were significant differences in the features of children’s reading disabilities, and the scores of Han children were lower than those of Uighur children.