在计划经济的“大锅饭”、“铁饭碗”时代,国家对职工采取“授之以鱼”的政策。鱼虽不多,但是职工一般不会遇到下岗的问题。由此换来的代价也是沉重的。即,把三个人的活儿分给五个人干,三个人的“鱼”分给五个人吃。这期间不但牺牲的效率无法计算,同时还使相当多的人吃鱼而不思渔,养成了“工作岗位由厂里分配,一切听从组织安排”的依赖心理 In the era of “big pot rice” and “iron rice bowl” of the planned economy, the state adopted a policy of “benefiting fish” for employees. Although there are not many fish, workers generally do not face the problem of being laid off. The price paid for this is also heavy. That is, the work of three people is divided among five people. The three fish are given to five people. During this period, not only was the sacrifice of efficiency incalculable, but it also caused quite a number of people to eat fish without thinking about fisheries, and developed the “dependence of the distribution of jobs from the factory and everything to the organization”.