本文概述了核辐射监测装备(军用辐射防护仪器)与民用辐射防护仪器及其标准化、国防电离辐射计量的技术范畴以及它们的相互联系。着重论述了现代军民用辐射防护仪器标准化对国防电离辐射计量的发展需求,包括仪器量值与国防计量标准、准确度表达、计算剂量学、辐射场模拟、低辐射水平监测等方面。 This article provides an overview of the technical aspects of nuclear radiation monitoring equipment (military radiation protection equipment) and civil radiation protection equipment and their standardization, national defense ionizing radiation measurement and their interrelationships. This paper focuses on the modern military and civilian radiation protection equipment standardization of national defense ionizing radiation measurement of the development needs, including the instrument value and national defense measurement standards, the accuracy of expression, computational dosimetry, radiation field simulation, low radiation level monitoring.