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１９９４ 年 ４～１１ 月在东太平洋铁锰结核区， 使用 “向阳红 ０９”船， 采集 ３９ 个表层沉积物、１２ 个上覆水和 ７ 个结核样。在现场用平板法测定了异养细菌和铁、锰细菌丰度， 用稀释法（ Ｍ Ｐ Ｎ 法） 测定硫酸还原菌丰度。为了探讨微生物在大洋成矿过程的作用， 在实验室对异养细菌和锰细菌作纯化分离， 并进行了多项生理生化实验， 参照伯杰氏手册第八版鉴定至属。使用分光光度法， 测定锰细菌对锰、铁离子的转化作用， 使用 ｐ Ｈ 计测定了ｐ Ｈ 值的变化， 同时测定了不同培养温度对转化作用的影响。结果表明， 沉积物中异养细菌的数量在 ３×１００～９５×１０３个／ｇ； 锰、铁细菌的数量在１×１００ ～１×１０３ 个／ｇ； 硫酸盐还原细菌的数量分布范围在 ０～４×１０３个／ｇ；在上覆水和结核样中各类细菌的数量均较低，比沉积物样中各类细菌数低 １ 个数量级。在细菌的种群组成方面与近海区相比存在差异， 特别是在革兰氏阳性菌的组成上微球菌占了绝对优势。在成矿作用方面， 锰细菌对锰、铁氧化还原的实验结果表明， 在好氧的条件下， 锰细菌使可溶性的 Ｍ ｎ２＋ 氧化为 Ｍ ｎ４＋ ， 其氧化速度与环境温度存在密切关系， 锰细菌对铁的氧化速度比对锰的氧化速度来得快。在
From April to November 1994, in the eastern Pacific iron-manganese nodule area, 39 surface sediments, 12 overlying water and 7 tuberculosis samples were collected using “Xiangyang Hong 09” ship. The abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, iron and manganese bacteria was measured by the plate method in the field, and the abundance of the sulfate-reducing bacteria was determined by the dilution method (M P N method). In order to investigate the role of microorganisms in mineralization in the ocean, heterotrophic bacteria and manganese bacteria were purified and separated in the laboratory. A number of physiological and biochemical experiments were carried out. Reference is made to the eighth edition of Berger’s manual. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the transformation of manganese and manganese ions by manganese bacteria. The p H value was measured by p H meter, and the effect of different culture temperature on the conversion was also determined. The results showed that the number of heterotrophic bacteria in the sediment was 3 × 100-9.5 × 103 / g, the number of manganese and iron bacteria was 1 × 100-1 × 103 / g, and the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria The range of 0 ~ 4 × 103 / g; in overlying water and tuberculosis samples of various types of bacteria were lower than the sediment samples of various types of bacteria a few orders of magnitude lower. There are differences in bacterial population composition with the offshore area, especially in the composition of Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus occupies an absolute advantage. In terms of metallogenesis, the experimental results of Mn and Fe on manganese bacteria show that manganese bacteria oxidize soluble Mn2 + to Mn4 + under aerobic conditions, and the oxidation rate is closely related to the ambient temperature. Manganese bacteria The rate of oxidation of iron is faster than the rate of oxidation of manganese. in