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新品种选育的关键在于优异种质资源的创制和利用,远缘杂交是创新种质的重要手段。近年来,有机构宣称培育了一种由高粱、玉米、甘蔗属间杂交而成的神农高糖蔗新品系。为了准确地鉴定其种质来源,本研究利用形态学、SCo T标记和GISH技术对神农高糖蔗进行了研究。形态学初步鉴定结果表明:从根、茎、叶等不同器官的形态特征来看,神农高糖蔗与甘蔗、玉米、高粱都具有较多相似之处,无法准确地甄别出神农高糖蔗是否为真杂种。根据SCo T标记的聚类结果,可以将12份供试材料分成I、II、III 3大类,I类包括3份高粱材料和神农高糖蔗,6份甘蔗材料均聚为II类,2份玉米材料聚为III类。在整个聚类图中神农高糖蔗和非洲甜高粱的相似系数最大,说明神农高糖蔗与非洲甜高粱的遗传距离较小,它们之间存在较小的遗传差异。比较基因组原位杂交结果表明,神农高糖蔗只含有甜高粱的血缘,而不含有甘蔗和玉米的血缘。本研究结合3种鉴定方法,可以基本确定神农高糖蔗并非甘蔗、高粱和玉米的属间杂种,而是甜高粱的一个品系(品种)。本研究结果不仅揭露了虚假报道,避免不必要的损失,还探讨了甜高粱作为甘蔗远缘杂交种质资源的利用前景。
The key to breed new varieties lies in the creation and utilization of excellent germplasm resources. Distant hybridization is an important means to innovate germplasm. In recent years, some organizations claim to have cultivated a new line of Shennong high sugarcane made from sorghum, corn and sugarcane. In order to accurately identify the sources of germplasm, Shennong high sugarcane was studied by using morphology, SCo T-tagging and GISH techniques. Morphological preliminary identification results showed that Shennong high sugar cane had many similarities with sugarcane, corn and sorghum, and could not accurately identify whether Shennong high sugar cane Really hybrid. According to the results of SCo T clustering, 12 test materials could be divided into three groups I, II and III. Class I consisted of three sorghum materials and Shennong high sugarcane, and all six sugarcane materials were classified as class II and II Parts of corn material are grouped into category III. The similarity coefficient between Shennong high sugar cane and African sweet sorghum is the highest in the whole cluster graph, indicating that the genetic distance between Shennong high sugar cane and African sweet sorghum is small, and there is a small genetic difference between them. The comparative genomic in situ hybridization results showed that Shennong high sugar cane contains only the blood of sweet sorghum, but does not contain the blood of sugarcane and corn. This study combined with three kinds of identification methods can basically determine Shennong high sugar cane is not a sugarcane, sorghum and maize interspecific hybrids, but a sweet sorghum strains (varieties). The results of this study not only exposed the false reports, to avoid unnecessary losses, but also explored the sweet sorghum as sugarcane distant hybridization germplasm resources utilization prospects.