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质量,这个一切测量系中的基本物理量,人们从古代起就一直在日常生活中测量它。埃及古墓壁画中就画有简单天平。那时,质量是通过把作用在商品上的重力与作用在公认为标准质量上的重力相比较来测量的。我们能对传统的等臂天平作出改进吗?化学家曾经对这一古老的仪器提出了最高的要求,其结果是:一百多年以来,天平已能把几克质量,测量到百万分之几的精度(见图1)。使用这些传统的等臂天平时,要化费几分钟的时间去仔细地操作,才能达到较高的精度。如果是由未经训练,或者是粗心的甚至不耐烦的操作者
Quality, the basic physical quantity in all this measurement systems, has been measured in everyday life since ancient times. A simple scale is painted in the Egyptian tomb murals. At that time, quality was measured by comparing the gravitational force acting on the commodity with the gravity acting on the recognized standard mass. Can we make improvements to traditional equal-arm balances? The chemists have put forward the highest requirements for this ancient instrument. The result is: For more than a hundred years, the balance has been able to measure several grams of quality to millions of parts. The accuracy of the few (see Figure 1). When using these traditional iso-arm balances, it takes a few minutes to operate carefully to achieve high accuracy. If it is caused by untrained or careless or even impatient operators