AIM:To investigate and elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying varioliform gastritis for early detection,prevention and intervention of gastric cancer.METHODS:A combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry was used to detect the differentially expressed proteins between varioliform gastritis and matched normal mucosa.The selected proteins were confirmed by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in additional samples and the function of some proteins in varioliform gastritis was analyzed by bio-method preliminarily.RESULTS:We identified 21 differentially expressed proteins in varioliform gastritis,and compared them with matched normal mucosa.Eleven proteins were upregulated and ten downregulated in varioliform gastritis when compared with the same proteins in individualmatched normal gastric mucosa.These proteins are related to metabolism,oxidation,cytoskeleton,apoptosis,signal transduction and other aspects of cells.Two novel proteins,thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5(TXNDC5) upregulated in varioliform gastritis,and neuropolypeptide h3 [phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1(PEBP1)] downregulated in varioliform gastritis,were further investigated.Their expressions were validated by Western blotting and RT-PCR in 12 cases of varioliform gastritis which was matched with normal mucosa.The expression level of PEBP1 in varioliform gastritis was significantly lower(P<0.05) while that of TXNDC5 was significantly higher than that in matched normal gastric mucosa(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:There are some changes of protein expression in varioliform gastritis.Downregulation of PEBP1 and upregulation of TXNDC5 are involved in the development of varioliform gastritis. AIM: To investigate and elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying varioliform gastritis for early detection, prevention and intervention of gastric cancer. METHODS: A combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry was used to detect the differentially expressed proteins between varioliform gastritis and matched normal mucosa.The selected proteins were confirmed by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in additional samples and the function of some proteins in varioliform gastritis was analyzed by bio-method preliminarily .RESULTS: We identified 21 differentially expressed proteins in varioliform gastritis, and compared them with matched normal mucosa. Eleven proteins were upregulated and ten downregulated in varioliform gastritis when compared with the same proteins in individualmatched normal gastric mucosa. These proteins are related to metabolism, oxidation, cytoskeleton, apoptosis, signal transduction and other aspects of cells . Two novel proteins, thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) upregulated in varioliform gastritis, and neuropolypeptide h3 [phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1)] downregulated in varioliform gastritis, were further investigated.Their expressions were validated by Western blotting and RT -PCR in 12 cases of varioliform gastritis which was matched with normal mucosa. The expression level of PEBP1 in varioliform gastritis was significantly lower (P <0.05) while that of TXNDC5 was significantly higher than that in matched normal gastric mucosa (P <0.05) .CONCLUSION: There are some changes of protein expression in varioliform gastritis. Downregulation of PEBP1 and upregulation of TXNDC5 are involved in the development of varioliform gastritis.