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百草枯是一种高效、高毒性的除草剂,急性百草枯中毒主要损伤肺,研究发现细胞凋亡参与百草枯所致的急性肺损伤及肺纤维化的形成。百草枯通过氧化损伤、钙稳态失衡及线粒体损伤诱导肺泡上皮细胞和肺血管内皮细胞凋亡,且通过死亡受体活化途径、线粒体途径、内质网应激途径调控细胞凋亡相关基因的表达。除此之外,百草枯通过激活核转录因子,抑制多型核中性粒细胞(PMN)凋亡,延长PMN生存时间,造成炎性因子大量释放,导致组织细胞损伤。
Paraquat is a highly efficient and highly toxic herbicide. Acute paraquat poisoning mainly damages the lungs. It is reported that apoptosis is involved in paraquat-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Paraquat induces apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells through oxidative damage, imbalance of calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial damage, and regulates the expression of apoptosis-related genes through death receptor activation pathway, mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway . In addition, paraquat inhibits the apoptosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) by activating nuclear transcription factors, prolongs the survival time of PMNs, and releases a large amount of inflammatory cytokines, leading to tissue cell damage.