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本文在工程实践的基础上,收集了大量的资料,对隧洞施工中遇到的各种坍方及预防措施进行了较系统的总结。文中将隧洞通过的易引起坍方的不同地质情况——如松散的浮土层、断层、溶洞、风化层、严重褶皱等划分为14种类型,分别提出小导坑掘进,小断面开挖,先拱后墙法,紧跟掌子面支撑、护砌、排水、控制爆破、胶结、冻结等制止或减小坍方的有效措施。文中所述的施工方法对铁路、公路、水利水电、矿山等工程中的隧洞设计及施工均有参考价值
Based on the engineering practice, this paper collected a great deal of data and made a systematic summary of various landslides and preventive measures encountered in the tunnel construction. In this paper, the different geological conditions that cause tunnel collapse, such as loose soil layer, fault, cave, weathering layer and serious folds, are divided into 14 types, and the tunneling of small pilot tunnel, small section excavation, After the wall method, followed by the support of the face, guarding, drainage, control blasting, cementing, freezing, etc. to stop or reduce the collapse of the effective measures. The construction methods described in this paper have reference value for tunnel design and construction in railway, highway, water conservancy and hydropower, mining and other projects