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老年人由于全身脏器和组织退化,肺部组织弹性降低,肺活量减少,残气量增加,肺总容量减少,流速容量曲线后段减少,闭合容量增加,动脉血氧降低,因此呼吸系统疾病发病率高,而且具有一定的临床特征。本文对一些有关疾病分析如下:流感:与青年人相较,老年人患流感时咽痛、鼻涕,鼻塞,声哑等症状发生较少,但是咳嗽,咳痰,食欲不振等则较多见。体温38℃者占544％,体温超过40℃以上者少见,寒战发生率也低。病程较长,易并发肺炎甚至死亡。5岁～54岁死亡率只1.4/10万,而60岁以上死亡率明显地随年岁增大而增加,60岁～64岁8.7/10万,65～69岁14.8/10万,70岁～74岁32.8/10万,75岁～79岁49.4/10万,80岁～84岁74.1/10万,85岁以上143.7/10万。肺炎:目前化学疗法虽然发展较快,但是肺炎仍占老年人死亡率的第一位。发病季节是12～3月之间,诱因以急性上呼吸道炎多见,症状多为意识障碍。患者如合并尿素增高、脱水、意识障碍等则死
Elderly due to the deterioration of the organs and tissues of the body, reduced elasticity of the lung tissue, reduced lung capacity, increased residual capacity, decreased total lung capacity, decreased flow capacity curve in the posterior segment, increased occlusion capacity, decreased arterial oxygenation, and therefore respiratory morbidity High, but also has certain clinical features. In this paper, some related diseases are analyzed as follows: Flu: Compared with young people, elderly people suffer from symptoms of flu such as sore throat, nasal discharge, nasal congestion and dumbness, but cough, expectoration and loss of appetite are more common. Body temperature 38 ℃ accounted for 544%, body temperature over 40 ℃ are rare, the incidence of chills is also low. Longer duration, complicated by pneumonia and even death. The mortality rate of 5 to 54 years old was only 1.4 / 100000, while the mortality rate of 60 years old and above obviously increased with age, ranging from 60 to 64 years of 8.7 / 100000, 65 to 69 years of 14.8 / 100000 and 70 years ~ 74.8 years old 32.8 / 100000, 75-79 years old 49.4 / 100000, 80 years old to 84 years old 74.1 / 100000, 85 years old 143.7 / 100000. Pneumonia: Although the current rapid development of chemotherapy, pneumonia still accounts for the highest mortality among the elderly. The onset season is between 12 and March, the incentive to more common upper respiratory tract inflammation, symptoms and more for the disturbance of consciousness. Patients such as increased urea, dehydration, disturbance of consciousness and so on