地下开采矿山开挖后引起覆岩移动,为预计移动范围及确定坑内外构筑物位置曾出现过不少理论,用来描述和预计岩移外围边界线形态与岩移发展趋势,如法线论、二等分线论、自然斜面论、拱形论、棱柱体论、岩移角论、弧板体论等。这些理论都以某些实例为依据,试图论证岩移的普遍规律。岩移受很多因素的影响,且各因素之间的关系也很复杂,国内外学者往往将一些条件理想化,采用逻辑与经验推理的方式处理这一问题,使所得成果的适用范围受到限制。尽管如此,当前在岩移范围及安全开采深度的预计方面,由于合理运用岩移理论仍取得一定成绩。条件的复杂多变及研究者的认识受到客观上的限制,致使各种理论仅在某些条件下才与实际相符;尤其前三种理论适用范围更 There are quite a few theories that have appeared in the prediction of the moving range and the location of the structures inside and outside the pit for the purpose of describing and predicting the trend of the peripheral boundary line shape and the rock migration of the rock migration such as the normal theory, Bisection line theory, natural slope theory, arched theory, prism theory, rock migration angle theory, arc plate theory and so on. These theories are based on some examples, trying to demonstrate the universal law of rock migration. Rock migration is affected by many factors, and the relationship between the various factors is also very complicated. Scholars at home and abroad tend to idealize some of the conditions and adopt logical and empirical reasoning methods to deal with this problem, thus limiting the scope of application of the results obtained. Nonetheless, there are still some achievements in the field of rock movement and the prediction of safe mining depth due to the rational application of rock-shift theory. The complex and changeable conditions and the understanding of the researchers are subject to objective restrictions, resulting in various theories only under certain conditions and the actual match; especially the first three theories more applicable