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目的伤害是一个重要的公共卫生问题,无论在发达或是发展中国家,伤害是引起死亡及病残的重要原因,尤其是对儿童和青少年,伤害是引起死亡及病残的主要原因。2005年,全球大约有540万人死于伤害,其中的90%发生在中等及欠发达国家。据联合国估计伤害引起的死亡数在2015年将上升到600万人,在2030年将上升至700万。预计在2020年伤害将从现在的死亡原因的第9位上升至第6位。伤害是可以预测和预防的。在人们的观念中,伤害的发生往往是不可预知。因此伤害通常被称作‘意外伤害’。事实并非如此,根据哈登方阵无论在伤害发生前,发生时或是发生后均可通过个体,工具和环境来预防或是降低伤害。和所有的疾病一样伤害也是通过个体,病原(能量)及环境的相互作用发生的。伤害流行病学在伤害的分布及危险因素判断上有着非常重要的意义。伤害监测系统的建立是伤害预防的关键部分。伤害的预防要求多部门的合作。伤害的预防别于其它疾病的预防,除了卫生部门外它还需要其它部门的参与,如工程,公安,交通和法律部门等。
The purpose of injury is an important public health problem. It is an important cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries, especially for children and adolescents. Injuries are the main cause of death and disability. In 2005, about 5.4 million people died of injuries worldwide, 90% of them in the middle and underdeveloped countries. According to the UN estimates, the number of deaths caused by injuries will rise to 6 million in 2015 and to 700 million in 2030. It is estimated that by 2020 the injury will rise from No. 9 to No. 6 for the current cause of death. Injuries can be predicted and prevented. In people’s minds, the damage is often unpredictable. So injuries are often called ’accidental injuries’. This is not the case, according to Hardenham Square, whether before, during or after an injury occurs through individuals, tools and the environment to prevent or reduce harm. As with all diseases, injuries also occur through the interaction of an individual, pathogen (energy) and the environment. Injury epidemiology has very important significance in judging the distribution of injury and risk factors. The establishment of an injury monitoring system is a key part of injury prevention. Injury prevention requires multi-sectoral cooperation. Injury prevention is not the prevention of other diseases, in addition to the health sector it also requires the participation of other departments, such as engineering, public security, transportation and legal departments.