According to the case reporting system,the number of malaria cases in China was enu- merated as 3716 8(Taiwan Province notincluded) in 1996 ,with a mean incidence of 3.10 9per a hundred thousand and lethal cases of 30 .Nevertheless,based on the data reported from counties selected for malaria surveillance of different provinces,the estimated case number upgraded to 2 5 0 0 0 0 - 30 0 0 0 0 . Fluctuation of malaria prevalence has been noted in some lo- calities. Focal outbreaks in the middle of China has been preliminarily undercontrol. Genera lly,malaria situation in the whole country was relatively stable. In the southern part,incdence of malaria was most noticeable in Hainan and Yunnan provinces,which was followed by Guizhou,Sichuan and Guangdong;whereas the incidence was comparatively low in Guangxi and Fujian.The reported malaria cases totalled2 6 85 0 in the above 7provinces/ autonomous regions,amounting to 72 .3% of the overall malaria cases in the county;however,the actual numberof malaria cases based on survey was estimated as 170 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 0 0 .In the middle part,the reported malaria cases92 2 9were distributed in Hubei,Henan,Anhui,Jiangsu and Shandong provinces,a proportion of 2 4.8% to the total malaria cases;yet the actual number of malaria cases based on survey was estimated to be 6 0 0 0 0 - 80 0 0 0 .Only few cases occurred in other provinces/ municipalities/ autonomous re- gions,mostof them were imported cases. Surveillance on malaria has been conducted in12 6 8counties of18provinces/ municipali- ties/ autonomous regions with a coverage of495 0 2 40 0 0 people.A total of95 344 2 9man/ time of febrile patients were subjected to blood examination,of which,33 382 persons were positive for malaria parasites,with a mean positive rate of0 .35 % .Altogether6 9196 5 tar- geted population and residents in malaria fociwere examined,malaria parasites were detected from 2 0 6 3 persons,with a mean parasite rate of 0 .30 % . The endemic area of falciparum malaria was located in5 5 counties of Hainan and Yun- nan provinces;while imported cases were recorded in72 counties of12 provinces/ municipali- ties/ autonomous regions. Totally 3 5 6 8cases of falciparum malaria (including mixed infec- tions with vivax malaria) and132 carriers of the parasite were detected.Two symptomatic cases of quartan malaria were found;one was an indigenous case in Yunnan,one was infect- ed via blood transfusion in Guangxi. The currentdistribution of malaria is closely related to the species of mosquito vectors. The highest annual incidence12 .85 / 10 0 0 0 in1996 was reported in the mountainous region of Hainan Province with a coverage of 2 970 0 0 0 people where Anophelesdirusis the vector. In an area south to2 5°NL with Anophelesminimus as the major vector and an area between 2 5°- 30°NL with Anopheles anthropophagus as the major vector,the mean incidence was 1.31/ 10 0 0 0 . In the vast area where Anopheles sinensis is the sole vector,the incidence of malaria was below0 .1/ 10 0 0 0 . According to the case reporting system, the number of malaria cases in China was enu-merated as 3716 8 (Taiwan Province notincluded) in 1996, with a mean incidence of 3.10 9per a hundred thousand and lethal cases of 30.. data reported from counties selected for malaria surveillance of different provinces, the estimated case number upgraded to 2 0 0 0 0 - 30 0 0 0 0. Fluctuation of malaria prevalence has been noted in some lo- calities. Focal outbreaks in the middle of In the southern part, incdence of malaria was most noticeable in Hainan and Yunnan provinces, which was followed by Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangdong; and the incidence was comparatively low in Guangxi and Fujian. The reported malaria cases totalled 2 6 85 0 in the above 7 provinces / autonomous regions, amounting to 72 .3% of the overall malaria cases in the county; however, the ac tual numberof malaria cases based on survey was estimated as 170 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 0 0 .In the middle part, the reported malaria cases92 2 9were distributed in Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong provinces, a proportion of 2 4.8% to the total malaria cases; yet the actual number of malaria cases based on survey was estimated to be 6 0 0 0 0 - 80 0 0 0 .Only few cases occurred in other provinces / municipalities / autonomous re- gions, mostof them were imported cases. Surveillance on malaria has been conducted in 12 6 8counties of18provinces / municipali- ties / autonomous regions with a coverage of495 0 2 40 0 ​​0 people. A total of 95 344 2 9man / time of febrile patients were subjected to blood examination, of which, 33 382 persons were positive for malaria parasites, with a mean positive rate of0.35% .Altogether6 9196 5 tar- geted population and residents in malaria fociwere examined, malaria parasites were detected from 2 0 6 3 persons, with a mean parasite rate of 0 .30%. The endemic area of ​​falciparum malaria was located in 5 5 counties of Hainan and Yun- nan provinces; while imported cases were recorded in 72 counties of 12 provinces / municipali- ties / autonomous regions. Totally 3 5 6 8cases of falciparum malaria (including mixed infectives with vivax malaria) and 132 carriers of the parasite were detected. Two symptomatic cases of quartan malaria were found; one was an indigenous case in Yunnan, one was infect- ed via blood transfusion in Guangxi. The current distribution of malaria is closely related to the species of mosquito vectors. The highest-ever crestage of the year 12 .85 / 10 0 0 0 in1996 was reported in the mountainous region of Hainan Province with a coverage of 2 970 0 0 0 people where Anophelesdirusis the vector. In an area south to2 5 ° NL with Anophelesminimus as the major vector and an area between 2 5 ° - 30 ° NL with Anopheles anthropophagus as the major vector, the mean incidence was 1.31 / 10 0 0 0. In the vast area where Anopheles sinensis is the sole vector, the incidence of malaria was below0 .1 / 10 0 0 0.