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目的:优质的种苗是保证药材产量和质量的基础,寻求绿色、安全、有效的措施缩短萌发时间、提高萌发率和发芽整齐度具有重要的意义。本文以5常用种中药材种子为研究材料,比较烟水与常用生长调节剂对种子萌发的影响。方法:烟水母液由悬铃木干燥植物材料闷燃产烟入水制得;利用TTC测定种子活力;测定种子含水量;检测种子吸水率;分别用水(空白组),烟水(0.2%母液)和植物生长调节剂,如赤霉素(150 mg·L-1),氯化镧(0.6 mg·L-1),硝酸钙(30 mg·L-1)和水杨酸(0.028 mg·L-1)处理种子,比较植物源烟水和4种生长调节剂对5种常用中药材(菘蓝、桔梗、知母、黄芩、黄芪)种子发芽率、平均萌发时间和发芽指数的影响。结果:烟水对菘蓝、桔梗、黄芩种子的发芽率均有显著的提升效果,其中使黄芩种子发芽率提高27.27%;对5种种子的平均萌发时间没有显著影响;显著提高桔梗和黄芩的发芽指数,分别提高30.97%和27.49%;具有类似赤霉素的促进种子萌发的作用。结论:烟水的无毒性和易于取得性使其更易于应用于农业实践,综合来看,烟水技术在促进中药材种子萌发方面存在着巨大的潜力。
Objective: High-quality seedlings are the basis for ensuring the yield and quality of medicinal materials. It is of great significance to seek for green, safe and effective measures to shorten the germination time and improve the germination rate and germination uniformity. In this paper, five commonly used species of Chinese herbal medicine seeds as the research materials, compare the effects of tobacco smoke and common growth regulators on the seed germination. Methods: The smoke and mother liquor was made from the dry plant material of Platycladus orientalis smoked and smoked into the water. The seed vigor was measured by TTC. The seed moisture content was measured. The seed water absorption rate was measured. Water (blank group), soot (0.2% Growth regulators such as gibberellin (150 mg · L -1), lanthanum chloride (0.6 mg · L -1), calcium nitrate (30 mg · L -1) and salicylic acid (0.028 mg · L -1 ) Were used to treat the seeds. The effects of plant-derived soot and four kinds of growth regulators on germination rate, average germination time and germination index of five kinds of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine (Isatis indigotica, Campanulaceae, Anemarrhena, Scutellaria baicalensis and Astragalus) were compared. Results: The smoking water had significant effects on the germination rate of seedlings of Cymbidium gorali, Campanulaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which increased the seed germination rate of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by 27.27%, had no significant effect on the average germination time of 5 seeds, Germination index increased by 30.97% and 27.49%, respectively; with similar GA3 to promote seed germination. Conclusion: The non-toxicity and easy availability of the smoke water makes it easier to apply to agriculture practice. On the whole, the smoke-water technology has great potential in promoting germination of Chinese herbal medicine.