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协商民主使公民能参与政治生活和政治决策,通过反思、对话、辩论等,就涉及公共利益的政策达成共识,赋予立法和决策合法性。协商民主追求公共利益,将利益相关群体包括弱势群体纳入了协商范围,以对话、协商来化解不同群体之间的利益冲突,有利于现代公民精神的培育。在实践中社会主义协商民主的开展面临着诸多挑战,如社会不平等影响协商的过程和效果,利益分化影响理性协商,协商的动力不足而导致协商形式化的趋向,等等。因此,需要完善协商制度,保障公民的参与权利,拓宽基层协商渠道,使协商规范化、制度化。
Deliberative democracy will enable citizens to participate in political life and political decision-making. Through reflection, dialogue and debate, consensus will be reached on the policies concerning the public interest and the legitimacy of legislation and decision-making. Deliberative democracy pursues the public interests, brings the stakeholders, including the disadvantaged, into the scope of consultation, and resolves the conflicts of interest among different groups through dialogue and consultation, which is conducive to cultivating the modern citizen spirit. In practice, the implementation of socialist consultative democracy faces many challenges, such as the social inequality affects the process and effect of the consultation, the rational negotiation of the benefit differentiation, the lack of impetus of consultation and the formalization of consultation leads to such problems. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the consultation system, safeguard the citizens’ right to participate, broaden the channels of consultation at the grass-roots level, and standardize and institutionalize consultations.