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传统上认为公共财产会导致利用过度的公地悲剧,反公共财产会导致利用不足的反公地悲剧。实际情况是两种财产引起的悲剧结果并不确定。公共财产可能导致利用不足的悲剧,反公共财产也可能导致利用过度的悲剧。这主要取决于交易成本。产权改革并不是解决公共财产和反公共财产外部性的唯一路径,调整交易成本进而影响使用权和排他权的对比关系,可以实现公共财产和反公共财产的效率。
Traditionally, public property was thought to lead to over-exploitation of the tragedy of the commons and anti-public property to lead to under-utilization of the anti-commons tragedy. The actual situation is that the tragedy caused by the two types of property is not certain. Public property can lead to a tragedy of under-utilization, and anti-public property can also lead to over-exploitation of tragedies. It depends on the transaction costs. Property rights reform is not the only way to solve the externalities of public property and anti-public property. To adjust the transaction costs and then the comparative relationship between the right to use and the exclusive right can realize the efficiency of public property and anti-public property.