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作为存在了六个多世纪、统治疆域地跨三大洲的政体,奥斯曼帝国在世界史中或许是最易于,同时也是最难于做比较研究的帝国。奇怪的是,直到最近,奥斯曼帝国才作为一种历史现象而成为从事帝国研究的学者们所关注的焦点。这种将奥斯曼帝国纳入帝国范畴来研究的方法催生出了大量的研究成果。本文将在我们称之为帝国转向的大框架之下,对此类著述进行批判性的评价,以此来阐明比较法是如何运用于帝国研究当中的。比较研究重新揭示了一些有关帝国统治、历史分期和政治改革等史学研究的老问题。同时,在对不同参与者在帝国中的作用,近来学界所强调的帝国现代早期历史,以及帝国比较研究本身的学术论述等方面的考察和分析中,都开辟出了新的途径。本文作者为土耳其史学家以及其他对帝国比较史感兴趣的人士,展现了近期奥斯曼帝国史学研究的整体画面,并为未来的研究提供了许多可能的方向。本文并非就比较而言比较,而是为奥斯曼帝国及其相关领域的严谨的比较研究提供一种全新的语汇。
The Ottoman Empire, perhaps the easiest and the most impenetrable empire in world history as a system of government over more than six centuries of territorial control over three continents, Curiously, until recently, the Ottoman Empire became a historical phenomenon as the focus of attention of scholars engaged in the research of the empire. This method of studying the Ottoman Empire into the imperial sphere has produced a great deal of research results. This article will critically evaluate such writings in the context of what we call the Empire Transition, in order to illustrate how comparative law is applied to the study of the empire. Comparative studies have rediscovered some of the old questions about the study of history such as the rule of the empire, historical staging and political reform. At the same time, new ways have been opened up for the investigation and analysis of the role of different participants in the empire, the recent empire empire empowered by scholars in the recent history of the empire, and the academic discourse of the imperial comparative study itself. The author of this article, as a Turkish historian and other interested persons in the comparative history of the empire, presents the overall picture of the recent Ottoman Empire historiography and offers many possible directions for future research. This article is not a comparison but a completely new vocabulary for a rigorous comparative study of the Ottoman Empire and its related fields.