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网络实名制在中国不是一个新鲜话题,却极易引起广泛争议。本文将主要梳理近十年来我国在这个问题上的争论和做法,分别从网吧、大学BBS、公共论坛、网络游戏和博客等五个方面入手,并总结网络实名制成功与失败的案例及其原理,认为根据中国现有的实名制实践和互联网治理的基本原则,在涉及网络表达的场合,无论是中央还是地方都不应当轻易地使用实名制进行管理。网络空间中的一些违反社会规范的行为,应当尽量在保持网络匿名的架构下进行平衡解决。对用户个人的管理不宜也不能够采用对传统媒体组织一样的管理方式,属地化管理仍然需要进一步探索可行的治理方式。另外,我们需要区分国家基础性权力和专断性权力,在保障公民言论自由的同时不能一概否认实名制的必要,问题的关键在于谁来主导实名制,如何实践。
Network real-name system in China is not a new topic, it can easily lead to widespread controversy. This article will mainly sort out our country’s debates and practices on this issue in the past 10 years, starting from five aspects of Internet cafes, university BBSs, public forums, online games and blogs, and summarizes the cases and principles of the success and failure of network real name system, According to the existing real-name system in China and the basic principles of Internet governance, when it comes to network expression, neither the central government nor the local government should easily manage the use of the real-name system. Some cybercrime-breaking behaviors in cyberspace should try their best to balance the cyber-anonymity of the Internet. Individual management of the user should not be able to use the traditional media organizations can not be the same way of management, localization management still need to further explore possible ways of governance. In addition, we need to distinguish between the basic and exclusive powers of the state. While safeguarding citizens’ freedom of speech, they can not deny the necessity of real-name system. The crux of the issue lies in who dominates the real-name system and how to practice it.