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定语从句是每年高考的重点内容之一，而掌握定语从句的关键在于关系词（连接主句和定语从句的连词）的选用。高中阶段需要重点掌握的关系词有：who，whom，whose，that，as，which，when，where，why。通过下面的“三步法”，我们可以正确地选用定语从句的关系词。
第一步：确定先行词
我们首先要在读懂句子意思的同时，准确地确定先行词，即定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子。定语从句的谓语动词应该与先行词一致。例如：
1He turned out to be a thief， made us disappointed
分析：此句的先行词为“He turned out to be a thief”这个句子，而不是“He” 或“a thief” ，故空白处应填which，而不是who。
2He is a man of rich experience，from we can learn a lot
分析：此句的先行词为“He”，而不是“rich experience” ，故空白处应填指代人在句子中作介词宾语的whom，而不是指代物的which。
31） He is one of the boys who （be） praised at the meeting
2） He is the only one of the boys who （be） praised at the meeting
3） He is not the only one of the boys who （be） praised at the meeting
分析：句1中的先行词为“the boys”，故空白处应填动词were；句2中的先行词为“the only one”，故空白处应填动词was；句3中的先行词为“not the only one ，故空白处应填动词were。
第二步：确定关系词在定语从句中所作的成分
如关系词在定语从句中作主语，我们需要从who，that，as，which中选择；如关系词在定语从句中作宾语，我们需要从whom，that，as，which中选择，如关系词在定语从句中作定语，我们需要用whose或the+名词+of whom/which等；如关系词在定语从句中作状语，我们需要根据先行词指的是时间、地点、原因、或方式来分别选择使用when/介词+which，where/介词+which，why/for which，that/in which/×。（其中，指代人的有：who，whom，whose，that，as；指代物的有：whose，that，as；when，where，why等其它变化的形式分别指代时间、地点、原因、方式等）。例如：
1This is the room he lived two years ago
2This is the room he lived in two years ago
3This is the room in he lived two years ago
分析：句1中的关系词在定语从句中作状语，故空白处应填where / in which； 句2中的关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故空白处应填that / which（可省）； 句3中的关系词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，故空白处应填which。
4I wish to thank Professor Smith，without help I would never have got this far （2012·天津，7）
分析：句中的关系词在定语从句中作help的定语，故空白处应填whose。此句还可以用I wish to thank Professor Smith，without the help of whom I would never have got this far来表达。
第三步：搞清作同一成分的关系词的区别，选用恰当的关系词
很多情况下，作同一成分的指代人或物关系词都可使用，例如：Maybe you have a habitthat / which is driving your family crazy（2014·全国，67）。但是，有时只能用其一。我们应该知道下列只用其一的情况：
1作主语和宾语的关系代词as、which和who（m）的区别
1）as在限定性定语从句中，只出现在前面有as、such、the same等场合（来取代which、who（m） 、that ）。例如：
This is as good a book as you bought yesterday
He is such a good boy as the teacher praised just now
过放荡不羁的生活，容易得像顺水推舟，但是要结识良朋益友，却难如登天。——巴尔扎克
这世界要是没有爱情，它在我们心中还会有什么意义！这就如一盏没有亮光的走马灯。——歌德
注意：前面有such、the same等时不一定用as。例如：
He is such a goog boy that we all like him
2）在非限定性定语从句中（不能用that），as 引导的定语从句除可置于主句之后外，还可以置于句首，而其它关系词引导的定性定语从句不可置于句首；在主句之后时，which 除像as一样可以指代整个主句外，还可指代主句部分内容；which引导的定语从句常常译成“这一点” ，而as引导的定语从句常常译成“正如”；关系词指代人时，视所作句子成分来选用who或 whom。例如： As is known to us all，English is widely used in the world
When he was buried in reading，which he often was after work，he often forgot about eating
Until now，we have raised 50，000pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected （2014·四川，4）
2关系词指物，作主语和宾语的that和which的区别
1）只宜用that，不宜用which的场合：
①当先行词是all，much，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词（something 除外） 时。例如：
You should hand in all that you have
②当先行词既有人又有物时。例如：
Do you know the things and personsthat they are talking about？
③当先行词是最高级形容词或者它前面有最高级形容词的时候。例如：
This is the best that has been used against pollution
English is the most difficult subjectthat you will learn during these years
④当先行词是序数词，或者它前面有一个序数词的时候。例如：
It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen
⑤当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no，all，one of，the same，the very 等词修饰的时候。例如：
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money
⑥避免重复—— 当主句已有疑问词which或两个定语从句中，一个关系代词已用which的时候。例如：
Which is the bike that you lost？
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before
2）只宜用which，不宜用that的场合：
①在非限定性定语从句中。例如：
Beijing，which is the capital of China，is a very beautiful city
②当关系代词前面有介词时。例如：
This is the hotel in which you will stay
③避免重复——如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that时。例如：
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us
3关系词指人，作主语和宾语的that和who（m）的区别
1）当先行词是人称代词、指示代词和不定代词时，宜用who（m） ，不宜用that。例如：
He who doesn’t reach the Great wall is not a true man
Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strenths （2013·湖南，21）
Anyone who will come is welcome
2）在非限定性定语从句中，只用who（m） 不用that。例如：
He has a son，who is a famous doctor
3）直接作介词的宾语时，只用whom，不用that。例如：
The student from whom you borrowed a dictionary just now is waiting for you
4） 在 there be 结构中，一般用who。例如：
There is a boy who wants to see you at the gate
5）避免重复——当先行词是疑问代词who（m）时，宜用that不用who（m）。如：
Whothat has seen the film can forget it？
注意：the way为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用in which或thah（还可以省略关系词）。
The way（ in which / that ）he answered the question was surprising
第一步：确定先行词
我们首先要在读懂句子意思的同时，准确地确定先行词，即定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子。定语从句的谓语动词应该与先行词一致。例如：
1He turned out to be a thief， made us disappointed
分析：此句的先行词为“He turned out to be a thief”这个句子，而不是“He” 或“a thief” ，故空白处应填which，而不是who。
2He is a man of rich experience，from we can learn a lot
分析：此句的先行词为“He”，而不是“rich experience” ，故空白处应填指代人在句子中作介词宾语的whom，而不是指代物的which。
31） He is one of the boys who （be） praised at the meeting
2） He is the only one of the boys who （be） praised at the meeting
3） He is not the only one of the boys who （be） praised at the meeting
分析：句1中的先行词为“the boys”，故空白处应填动词were；句2中的先行词为“the only one”，故空白处应填动词was；句3中的先行词为“not the only one ，故空白处应填动词were。
第二步：确定关系词在定语从句中所作的成分
如关系词在定语从句中作主语，我们需要从who，that，as，which中选择；如关系词在定语从句中作宾语，我们需要从whom，that，as，which中选择，如关系词在定语从句中作定语，我们需要用whose或the+名词+of whom/which等；如关系词在定语从句中作状语，我们需要根据先行词指的是时间、地点、原因、或方式来分别选择使用when/介词+which，where/介词+which，why/for which，that/in which/×。（其中，指代人的有：who，whom，whose，that，as；指代物的有：whose，that，as；when，where，why等其它变化的形式分别指代时间、地点、原因、方式等）。例如：
1This is the room he lived two years ago
2This is the room he lived in two years ago
3This is the room in he lived two years ago
分析：句1中的关系词在定语从句中作状语，故空白处应填where / in which； 句2中的关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故空白处应填that / which（可省）； 句3中的关系词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，故空白处应填which。
4I wish to thank Professor Smith，without help I would never have got this far （2012·天津，7）
分析：句中的关系词在定语从句中作help的定语，故空白处应填whose。此句还可以用I wish to thank Professor Smith，without the help of whom I would never have got this far来表达。
第三步：搞清作同一成分的关系词的区别，选用恰当的关系词
很多情况下，作同一成分的指代人或物关系词都可使用，例如：Maybe you have a habitthat / which is driving your family crazy（2014·全国，67）。但是，有时只能用其一。我们应该知道下列只用其一的情况：
1作主语和宾语的关系代词as、which和who（m）的区别
1）as在限定性定语从句中，只出现在前面有as、such、the same等场合（来取代which、who（m） 、that ）。例如：
This is as good a book as you bought yesterday
He is such a good boy as the teacher praised just now
过放荡不羁的生活，容易得像顺水推舟，但是要结识良朋益友，却难如登天。——巴尔扎克
这世界要是没有爱情，它在我们心中还会有什么意义！这就如一盏没有亮光的走马灯。——歌德
注意：前面有such、the same等时不一定用as。例如：
He is such a goog boy that we all like him
2）在非限定性定语从句中（不能用that），as 引导的定语从句除可置于主句之后外，还可以置于句首，而其它关系词引导的定性定语从句不可置于句首；在主句之后时，which 除像as一样可以指代整个主句外，还可指代主句部分内容；which引导的定语从句常常译成“这一点” ，而as引导的定语从句常常译成“正如”；关系词指代人时，视所作句子成分来选用who或 whom。例如： As is known to us all，English is widely used in the world
When he was buried in reading，which he often was after work，he often forgot about eating
Until now，we have raised 50，000pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected （2014·四川，4）
2关系词指物，作主语和宾语的that和which的区别
1）只宜用that，不宜用which的场合：
①当先行词是all，much，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词（something 除外） 时。例如：
You should hand in all that you have
②当先行词既有人又有物时。例如：
Do you know the things and personsthat they are talking about？
③当先行词是最高级形容词或者它前面有最高级形容词的时候。例如：
This is the best that has been used against pollution
English is the most difficult subjectthat you will learn during these years
④当先行词是序数词，或者它前面有一个序数词的时候。例如：
It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen
⑤当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no，all，one of，the same，the very 等词修饰的时候。例如：
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money
⑥避免重复—— 当主句已有疑问词which或两个定语从句中，一个关系代词已用which的时候。例如：
Which is the bike that you lost？
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before
2）只宜用which，不宜用that的场合：
①在非限定性定语从句中。例如：
Beijing，which is the capital of China，is a very beautiful city
②当关系代词前面有介词时。例如：
This is the hotel in which you will stay
③避免重复——如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that时。例如：
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us
3关系词指人，作主语和宾语的that和who（m）的区别
1）当先行词是人称代词、指示代词和不定代词时，宜用who（m） ，不宜用that。例如：
He who doesn’t reach the Great wall is not a true man
Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strenths （2013·湖南，21）
Anyone who will come is welcome
2）在非限定性定语从句中，只用who（m） 不用that。例如：
He has a son，who is a famous doctor
3）直接作介词的宾语时，只用whom，不用that。例如：
The student from whom you borrowed a dictionary just now is waiting for you
4） 在 there be 结构中，一般用who。例如：
There is a boy who wants to see you at the gate
5）避免重复——当先行词是疑问代词who（m）时，宜用that不用who（m）。如：
Whothat has seen the film can forget it？
注意：the way为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用in which或thah（还可以省略关系词）。
The way（ in which / that ）he answered the question was surprising