通过长期的实地调研和观察,对中国各级政府制定和实施产业政策的典型特征进行归纳可以发现:各级政府现行的产业政策是政府和市场各自功能边界定义不清和认识混乱的直接产物;是当前独特的行政体制和官员晋升体制的产物;在很大程度上受到各级政府官员专业能力和执行能力的根本性制约;与政府相关行政机构官员利用产业政策中所掌控的政府财政项目审批和财政资金运用之权力,来实现自身寻租活动和腐败机会的空间紧密相关。这就导致中国各级政府现行的产业政策,在某种意义上与经济结构转型升级的战略目标发生了根本性背离;与落实创新驱动的国家战略发展目标发生了根本性背离;与“制造业立国”、“工业强国”的国家战略目标发生了根本性的背离甚至负向扭曲效应;与构建中国特色市场化经济体制的总体发展战略任务发生了相当程度的背离。据此逻辑分析,中国产业政策今后必须做全面的调整和转型升级,转向“扩民生”、“增收入”领域以及弥补既有的市场失灵和市场缺陷领域,以有效激励微观企业的自主创新能力提升和克服制度性交易成本为导向,同时,还需要各级政府行政权力体系的彻底改革以及官员执行能力的切实提高来全面加以配合。 Through the long-term field investigation and observation, the typical characteristics of the industrial policies formulated and implemented by Chinese governments at all levels can be summarized as follows: The current industrial policies of all levels of government are the direct products of unclear and confused understanding of the functional boundaries between the government and the market; The current unique administrative system and the products promoted by the officials are greatly restricted by the professional abilities and executive abilities of the government officials at all levels. The officials of the administrative organs concerned with the government use the government financial items under the control of industrial policies for examination and approval and The power of fiscal funds to leverage their own rent-seeking activities and the opportunities for corruption are closely linked. This has led to the fact that the current industrial policies of all levels of government in China fundamentally depart from the strategic goal of transforming and upgrading the economic structure in a certain sense and have fundamentally departed from the goal of implementing the strategy of national strategy driven by innovation. There has been a fundamental deviation or even a distortion of the national strategic goal of “establishing a business” and “industrial power.” There has been a considerable departure from the overall strategic task of development in building a marketized economic system with Chinese characteristics. According to this logic analysis, in the future, China’s industrial policy must be fully adjusted, upgraded and transformed into the areas of “expanding people’s livelihood”, “increasing income”, and making up for the existing market failures and market imperfections so as to effectively encourage micro-enterprises The improvement of independent innovation capability and to overcome the cost of institutional transaction-oriented, at the same time, it also requires the complete reform of the executive power system at all levels of government and the effective implementation of official ability to fully cooperate.