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本研究用吴语、闽语鱼韵、虞韵今韵母读音为例子来讨论历史层次分析法中的三个关键问题:一,音变关系和层次关系可以用以下几方面来区别:1.不符合音变法则的共时变异要考虑是层次关系;反之,符合音变法则的共时变异是音变关系,而不是层次关系。2.文白异读是层次关系,不是音变关系。3.借助古音类的分合也可以鉴别出不同的层次。4.层次关系的确定最终还必须取得同语言或鄰近同类方言的印证。二,层次间的时间先後可以用以下几种方法确定:1.确定语音层次的先後必须以音韵標准为优先。2.用文白异读来确定先後。3.参照中原官话史来判断层次的先後。4.通过方言间层次对应来类推层次的先後。5.用词语的新旧来判断层次的先後。三,寻找方言间对应的层次必须注意以下几个问题:1.不能用文白对应来寻找对应层次。2.不能用读音相似或相同来寻找对应层次。3.用层次关系特字,配之于音类分合来寻找方言间层次的对应是一种行之有效的方法。
In this study, we use Wu dialect, Minyuyuyun, Yuyunfang as the example to discuss the three key problems in historical AHP: First, the relationship between phonological change and hierarchy can be distinguished by the following aspects: 1. The synchronic variation of the law has to be considered as a hierarchical relation. Conversely, the synchronic variation that conforms to the phonological law is the phonetic relationship rather than the hierarchical relation. 2. Literary and is different from the hierarchical relationship, not sound-related. With the classification of ancient sounds can also identify different levels. 4. The determination of the relationship between the level of the final must also be obtained with the language or similar proof of the dialect. Second, the time between levels can be determined by the following methods: 1. To determine the level of the voice must first phonological standards as a priority. 2. Use different text to determine the successor. 3. According to the history of Central Plains Mandarin to determine the level of precedent. 4 through the level of dialect correspondence between the level of analogy has. 5 with the words of the old and new to determine the level of succession. Third, find the corresponding level between dialects must pay attention to the following questions: 1. Can not be used to find the corresponding level of literary grace. 2 can not be similar or the same pronunciation to find the corresponding level. 3 with the level of special characters, with the phonetic division to find the correspondence between the dialect level is an effective method.