产权不明晰、不独立和产权转让难是我国现行公有产权制度的三个弊端，解决国有企业的激励和约束问题，关键在于解决公有产权制度产权模糊这一根本问题。长期以来，理论界一直把“两权分离”作为解决这一问题的基本突破点，并相应的把“两权”解释为“所有权”和“经营权”的分 Unclear property rights, independence and transfer of property rights are three disadvantages of China’s current public property rights system. The key to solving the problem of the incentive and restriction of state-owned enterprises lies in solving the fundamental problem of property ownership system’s ambiguity. For a long time, the theoretical circle has always considered “the separation of the two powers” as the basic breakthrough point for solving this problem, and correspondingly interpreted the “two rights” as the division of “ownership” and “management rights.”