论文部分内容阅读
目的了解青海省城乡居民膳食结构、行为方式及其相关慢性疾病的流行病学特点及变化规律,为制定健康促进策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取城市、农村、半农半牧区和牧区四个经济类型36个社区(村)1 116户4 349人进行询问调查、医学体检、实验室检测和膳食调查等。结果我省居民营养状况有了明显改善,但是营养缺乏和营养失衡并存。我省居民每标准人蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物摄入量与我省2002年相比均有所增加,但仍低于《指南》推荐量标准;蔬菜摄入量由2002年的176.2 g上升到228.2 g,上升了29.5%;新鲜水果摄入量由2002年的17.4 g上升到37.8 g,上升了117.5%;奶类摄入量由2002年的48.3 g上升到187.6 g、上升了288.1%;盐摄入量为13.0 g,与2002年相比下降19.5%,油摄入量为34.7 g,与2002年(35.8 g)相比变化不明显,但远高于《指南》推荐量(6 g)和(25~30 g)。贫血、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率较高,分别为15.2%、20.8%、4.3%、19.7%。结论青海省居民膳食状况有较大提高,但膳食结构不尽合理;营养相关性慢性病患病率将是我省面临的重要公共卫生问题。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changes of dietary patterns, behavior patterns and related chronic diseases among urban and rural residents in Qinghai Province and provide the basis for formulating health promotion strategies. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 1,114 households with 4 349 people from 36 communities (villages) in four types of economy in urban, rural, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas and pastoral areas for interrogation, medical examination, laboratory testing and Meal surveys and more. Results of our province residents have significantly improved nutritional status, but the lack of nutrition and nutritional imbalances co-exist. The intake of protein, fat and carbohydrate per capita of our province residents increased compared with that of our province in 2002, but still lower than the recommended standards in the Guidelines; the vegetable intake increased from 176.2 g in 2002 to 228.2 g, an increase of 29.5%; fresh fruit intake rose from 17.4 g in 2002 to 37.8 g, an increase of 117.5%; milk intake increased from 48.3 g in 2002 to 187.6 g, an increase of 288.1%; Salt intake was 13.0 g, down 19.5% from 2002 and oil intake was 34.7 g, unchanged from 2002 (35.8 g) but much higher than recommended in the Guideline (6 g ) And (25 ~ 30 g). Anemia, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia prevalence were higher, respectively, 15.2%, 20.8%, 4.3%, 19.7%. Conclusion The dietary status of residents in Qinghai Province has been greatly improved, but the dietary structure is not reasonable. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases will be an important public health problem in our province.