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关于明朝或明帝国(1368—1644年)的历史定位,国外学界前后经历过显著的变化。在20世纪70年代中后期,美国汉学界出现了一种观点,主张将长达近六个世纪的明清两朝统一看作一个整体,归并到一个在当时学界刚开始流行的概念——晚期中华帝国下面。这种崭新的时代定位突出反映在此时出版的两部产生了重要影响的论文集的名称和主题上,即1975年出版的魏斐德主编的《晚期中华帝国的冲突和控
As for the historical orientation of the Ming Dynasty or the Ming Empire (1368-1644), the overseas academic circles have undergone significant changes before and after. In the mid-to-late 1970s, a view emerged in the American sinology that the unification of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which lasted for nearly six centuries, was viewed as a whole and merged into a concept that was just beginning to prevail in the academic field at that time - Chinese Empire below. This brand new era position is highlighted in the names and themes of the two most influential essays published at this time, namely, The Conflict and Control of the Late Chinese Empire