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理查德·罗蒂在批判传统科学哲学的同时也形成了独特的另类科学哲学。罗蒂的另类科学哲学思想主要体现在科学合理性、科学方法论、科学真理论、科学划界消解论等四个方面。为了重构传统的科学理性观,罗蒂区分了“合理性”的两种意义:强理性与弱理性。放弃标准的强理性观而接受实用主义的弱理性观,也就是放弃认为真理是某种我们应对之负责的东西的看法。在其新实用主义方法论中,通过遵循团体中心主义和效用基础主义来贯彻友爱原则,罗蒂力图让我们抛弃长期禁锢我们思想的镜式隐喻。在无镜的哲学中,彻底放弃对客观性的渴望,无需一种贯通各个文化的、普遍的合理性,而是将其他文化所提出的信念与我们文化中已有的信念重新编织在一起,用这种重织信念之网的办法来检验其他文化的信念。在罗蒂所憧憬的后哲学文化中,科学家将不再是客观真理的代言人而只是友爱的倡导者。罗蒂以“形而上学的安慰”和“历史的巧合”来解释科学划界的发生动因,试图消解科学划界问题本身。
Richard Rorty also criticized the traditional philosophy of science at the same time also formed a unique alternative philosophy of science. Rorty’s alternative philosophy of science mainly embodies in four aspects: scientific rationality, scientific methodology, scientific truth theory and scientific deconstruction theory. In order to reconstruct the traditional view of scientific rationality, Rorty distinguishes two meanings of “rationality”: strong reason and weak reason. To abandon the standard strong reasoning and accept the weakness view of pragmatism means giving up the view that truth is something that we should be responsible for. In his neo-pragmatic methodology, by following the doctrine of fraternity in the terms of group-centrism and utility-basedism, Rorty sought to discard the mirror metaphor that permanently clutched our thinking. In a mirrorless philosophy, we completely renounced the desire for objectivity and did not need universal legitimacy that permeated all cultures. Instead, we rewrote the beliefs raised by other cultures and the existing beliefs in our culture, Use this web of reworked beliefs to test the beliefs of other cultures. In the post-philosophical culture that Rorty aspires to, scientists will cease to be advocates of objective truth and only advocates of benevolence. Rorty uses “comfort” of “metaphysics” and “coincidence of history” to explain the motivation of scientific demarcation and try to dispel the problem of demarcation of science.