在世界各地不同族群单位中搜集的一手材料、大量的理论作品以及在博物馆中发现的民族志材料,将民族志研究者置于一个新的位置上。无论对理论工作,还是进一步的材料搜集,这都是非常有利的。然而,这些有利条件也给现代意义上的民族志研究者带来了艰巨的任务。民族志不再是新的领域:观察者不会再那么天真烂漫,只顾从欧洲人的心境出发,一味搜猎异国情调和奇闻趣事;他也不允许让自己沉湎于由想象堆砌的人工构造物,或许这些构造能满足个人的审美感觉,但 The first-hand materials collected in different ethnic groups in different parts of the world, a large number of theoretical works and ethnographic materials found in museums put ethnographic researchers in a new position. This is very beneficial both for theoretical work and for further material gathering. However, these favorable conditions have also brought arduous tasks to ethnographers in the modern sense. Ethnography is no longer a new field: observers are no longer so innocent, they simply seek exotic and gonzo from the moods of Europeans; nor do they allow themselves to indulge themselves in imagined piles of artificial structures Perhaps these constructions can satisfy the personal aesthetic feeling, however