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在环境美学的发展中,艾伦·卡尔松的科学认知主义独树一帜,它可以有效地批判自然审美的对象模式和景观模式,并在一定程度上有助于揭示自然环境的审美价值,维护自然审美的客观性。然而,这一学说存在严重的缺陷,因为它剔除了自然审美中个体经验的意义,狭隘地理解了审美经验的客观性,最终违背了审美的基本原则。这一缺陷的深层原因还在于卡尔松仍然没有摆脱对象化的思维模式,将自然环境看作是外在于人的实际生活之外的对象。相反,杜威的经验论和海德格尔的存在论指出了理解人与自然的关系的有效途径,可为自然审美提供正确路径,即自然的审美价值存在于人的实际生活和积极创造的过程中。
In the development of environmental aesthetics, Alan Karlsson’s scientific cognitivism is unique. It can effectively criticize the object mode and landscape mode of natural aesthetics, and to a certain extent, it helps to reveal the aesthetic value of the natural environment and maintain the natural Aesthetic objectivity. However, this doctrine has serious flaws because it removes the meaning of individual experience in natural aesthetics and narrowly understands the objectivity of aesthetic experience, ultimately violating the basic principles of aesthetics. The underlying reason of this defect lies in that Carlsson still does not get rid of the object-oriented thinking mode and regards the natural environment as the object outside of the actual life of man. On the contrary, Dewey’s theory of existentialism and Heidegger’s existentialism point out an effective way to understand the relationship between man and nature, which can provide the correct path for the aesthetic appreciation of nature. That is, the aesthetic value of nature exists in the actual life and the process of positive creation .