一、目的美国1972年实施的低收入孕妇或哺乳妇女和营养不良幼儿的营养补助计划中,对低收入孕妇营养补助的主要目的是增强母婴健康、减少早产和降低婴儿死亡率。由于早产儿常需监护治疗,并可能收住监护病室,从而延长住院时间和增加医疗费用。如孕妇补助计划确能减少低体重儿和早产儿,也应当反映在减少新生儿近期医疗费用和出生体重上。本文探讨上 I. Objectives In the nutritional subsidy program for low-income pregnant women or breastfeeding women and malnourished children implemented in the United States in 1972, the main purpose of nutritional subsidy for low-income pregnant women was to enhance maternal and child health, reduce preterm birth and reduce infant mortality. Because preterm infants often require custodial therapy and may be admitted to a care unit, prolonged hospital stays and increased medical costs. If the Maternity Benefit Program really reduces low birth weight babies and premature infants, it should also be reflected in reducing the recent medical costs and birth weight of newborns. This article discusses