以政党类型学来分析,清末民初的政党组织属于一种早期的精英政党类型,是议会宗派和政党组织的雏形,与传统中国的朋党有着本质性的区别。由于社会基础薄弱、缺乏制度化阶段的培育以及军事政权实施镇压政党政策,这种早期的精英政党还没实现向群众性政党的转型就已经走向消亡。民初政治精英们所人为设计构建的两党制始终处于筹备阶段,没有完整实施过,建国政党所创建的党国体制成为之后中国政党发展的基本模式。 According to the analysis of party typology, the party organizations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican period belonged to an early elite party type, the embryonic form of the parliamentary factions and the party organizations, which were essentially different from the traditional Chinese cronies. Due to the weak social foundation, the lack of institutionalized cultivation and the suppression of party policies by the military regime, such early elite parties have already vanished without realizing the transition to mass political parties. The bipartisan system designed and constructed by the political elites in the early Republic of China was always in the preparatory stage and was not implemented in its entirety. The party-state system created by the founding political parties became the basic model for the development of Chinese political parties after that.