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硝基呋喃类药物作为一种广谱抗生素,因其价格便宜、抗菌效果好等特点,曾作为饲料添加剂和治疗药物被广泛应用于畜牧业生产。但由于强毒性和致畸致癌致突变等毒副作用,对食品安全产生威胁,欧盟、日本和中国等国已严令禁止使用。早期研究侧重于对原型药残留的检测,近年来国内外学者对硝基呋喃类药物的代谢产物3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AOZ)、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AMOZ)、氨基脲(SEM)和1-氨基-2-内酰脲(AHD)检测方法研究逐渐增多,这类代谢产物易与蛋白质结合后稳定残留且难降解,检测前处理繁琐,给检测带来极大的困难。本文主要综述了硝基呋喃类药物种类、检测前处理方法和当前最新的检测方法,并简述对该类药物代谢产物检测的展望。
Nitrofurans, as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, have been widely used in animal husbandry as feed additives and therapeutic drugs due to their low price and good antibacterial effect. However, due to toxic and side effects such as virulent and teratogenic mutations caused by cancer, which pose a threat to food safety, the EU, Japan and China have strictly prohibited the use. Early studies focused on the detection of archetypal drug residues. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have studied the metabolites of 3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AOZ), 5-methylmorpholine-3-amino- Studies on the detection methods of 2-oxazolidone (AMOZ), semicarbazide (SEM) and 1-amino-2-hydantoin (AHD) have been gradually increasing. These metabolites are easily and stably remained after being combined with proteins, Tedious pre-treatment, to the detection of great difficulties. This article reviews the types of nitrofurans, pretreatment methods and the latest detection methods, and briefly describes the prospects for the detection of metabolites of these drugs.