萨特的存在主义文学观念 ,把文学理解为一种在非现实的水平上向他人揭示世界的活动 ,因此 ,在承认文学艺术与社会生活的密切相关性的同时 ,说明了它相对的独立性和自律性 ,确定了它与其他人类行为的区别性特征。在此基础上 ,对文艺活动的社会角色的认定也就与西方文学理论传统区别开了 ,在后者那里 ,文学艺术主要在某种边缘性的、次生的意义上得到规定 ,即它总是作为科学认识行为和政治社会实践 (这两种人的生存实践中更加直观的力量 )的附庸被人们把握 ,它是某种不完善的知识或者只是游戏 Sartre’s notion of existentialism understands literature as an activity that reveals the world to others at an unrealistic level. Therefore, while acknowledging the close relationship between literature and art and social life, Sartre illustrates its relative independence And self-discipline, identified its distinctive features with other human behaviors. On this basis, the identification of the social role of literary and artistic activities is also distinguished from the tradition of western literary theory, where the literary and artistic creations are mainly defined in some marginal and secondary sense, namely, its total Is held by the people as a vassal of scientific and political social practices, the more intuitive forces in the survival practices of both, some kind of imperfect knowledge or just games