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羌方是商代著名的方国之一,与商王朝存在频繁互动关系。殷墟甲骨卜辞中多有关于羌方及其活动的记录,先秦文献中也有关于羌人的记载。对于羌方的地望、发展阶段及与其他国族的关系等,现在仍是需要研究的问题。一、地望羌方是活动于商王朝西方的方国,在殷墟卜辞中有大量有关羌或羌方的记录。殷墟卜辞有“来羌自西”(《合集》6596、6597等),《说文》:“羌,西戎牧羊人也”。可知其活动于商王朝之西,这也是学界的一致认识。至于羌方具体的活动地域,研究者的认识差异较大。主要有以下诸说:
Qiang Fang is one of the famous Fang Kingdom of Shang Dynasty, which has frequent interaction with Shang dynasty. There are many records about Qiang and its activities in Qilu oracle inscriptions in Yin Ruins. There are also records of Qiang people in pre-Qin literature. It is still a problem that needs to be studied for the Qiangs to look forward to the development stage and the relations with other nations. First, to look Qiang Fang is the kingdom of activities in the Western Kingdom of the Shang dynasty, in the Yin ruins there is a large number of Qiang or Qiang record. The Yin Ruins have “to Qiang from the west ” (“collection” 6596,6597, etc.), “Said the text”: “Qiang, Xi Rong Rong She also ”. It can be seen that its activities in the west of the Shang dynasty, which is the unanimous understanding of the academic community. As for the specific activities of the Qiang area, researchers have different understanding. The following are all said: